“…The sharp and strong peak at 1,592 cm −1 of MB due to the presence of C = C vibration and N-H bending was merged with a peak at 1,599 cm −1 of membrane and showed a broader peak at 1,598 cm −1 in the spectrum of the dye-adsorbed membrane [ 21 ]. Like the two peaks at 1,443 cm −1 and 1,488 cm −1 , which indicates C = N stretching, the peaks at 1,220 cm −1 and 1,250 cm −1 of C = C stretching in aromatic rings of MB are merged and form broad peaks at 1,416 cm −1 and 1,232 cm −1 , respectively, in the spectrum of the dye-adsorbed membrane [ 18 ]. Finally, the peaks corresponding to the C-O stretching of the onion membrane and the C-S bending of the MB rings appeared at 1,008 cm −1 and 954 cm −1 , respectively [ 22 ].…”