Main properties of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite as a bone graft material in treatment of periodontal defects. A review of literature

Abstract

This study aims to provide a literature review on nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (n-HA). n-HA constitutes the principle inorganic part of hard tissues. Therefore, preparation of commercial synthetic analogues, the so-called 'biomimetic', has gained a lot of attention since it can precisely mimic the physicochemical features of biological apatite compounds. Due to its improved osseointegrative properties, n-HA may represent a promising class of bone graft materials. n-HA binds to the bone and by stimulation of osteoblast activity and enhancing local growth factors it improves bone healing. Periodontitis is an inflammatory condition in response to microbial plaque that leads to periodontal tissue destruction and osseous defects in alveolar bone. A review of the extant literature reveals that n-HA has certain advantages in periodontal tissue regeneration including minimal patient morbidity, better biocompatibility, and lack of toxicity.

Behavior of Doped Hydroxyapatites During the Heat Treatment

“…It is recognized that biomaterials based on hydroxyapatite [HAP, Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 ] possess high biocompatibility and good bioactivity, and can stimulate osteoconduction, being slowly replaced by the host bone after implantation [1][2][3]. They are potential alternatives as bone grafts for medical applications and as coatings for metallic implants [1].…”

Management of Class II furcation defects in dogs using combination of Propolis and Nanobone graft

“…Surgically created class II furcation defects on the buccal surface of the mandibular third and fourth premolars (P3, P4) of 3mm depth x 5 mm height using carbide surgical burs were done in each dog bilaterally. 17 In four dogs a split mouth design with GTR approach was conducted in which defects of the left side were filled with propolis while nanohydroxyapatite bone graft (NanoBone) was used in the right side.…”

“…Nanohydroxyapatite has been shown to stimulate differentiation of PDL cells, and expression of BMP-2 16 . Moreover, it stimulates osteoblasts in early periodontal repair stages 17 .…”

Thermal analysis of pure and multisubstituted hydroxyapatite pastes

“…The hydroxyapatite, Са 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 (HAP), composition is similar to bone, has good biocompatibility and bioactivity therefore is increasingly used in medicine, especially in repairing bone defects as bone grafts, coating material for metallic implants, dental implants, and drug delivery systems [1][2][3]. Nanocrystalline HAP paste is suitable bone substitute in dental and orthopedic surgery for filling bone defects in minimally invasive surgery.…”

“…The biological properties of HAP based materials can be improved by the incorporation of divalent essential metal ions. The effect of silicon [5,6], magnesium [7,8], strontium [9,10], manganese [11] and zinc [11][12][13] as doping elements on characteristics of hydroxyapatite with potential biomedical applications has been studied extensively [1,2,11].…”