Main results of recent investigations into the physical mechanisms of the interaction of tropical cyclones and the ionosphere

Vanina-Dart, L. B.; Шарков, Е. А.

doi:10.1134/s0001433816090279

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In addition, examining lightning rates from the World‐Wide Lightning Location Network (http://webflash.ess.washington.edu/), we find that the rain bands do generate lightning but not at rates that approach those of thunderstorms. We conclude, therefore, that the most likely mechanism of lower ionospheric modification is via GWs as period of detected WLS events is in better agreement with periods of GWs reported in previous studies [e.g., Dhaka et al , ; Vanina‐Dart and Sharkov , ; Song et al , ] than with periods of AWs. The GWs associated with mesoscale convective systems (MCS) within TC become increasingly dominant with altitude having wide range of horizontal scales, from mesoscale to thousands of kilometers [ Lu et al ., 2014], supported by duration of signal perturbation that is more than 2 h for all three simulated VLF anomaly events in our study which is too long as compared to duration of early VLF perturbation events generated by single lighting or TLE.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Some recent experimental studies show that cyclones generate a wide spectrum of GWs in the lower stratosphere as detected in (MU) middle and upper atmosphere radar data [ Dhaka et al , ] and by combining data from GPS occultation and atmospheric sounding balloons with numerical weather models and simulations [ Ming et al , ], and a few studies suggest that disturbances may be induced in the F region of the ionosphere, observed in radar data [ Xiao et al , ] and GPS data [ Perevalova and Ishin , ]. Recent studies include Song et al [] that report medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances with period 40–57 min excited during landfall of typhoons Rammasum and Matmo, detected in the total electron content data from a GPS network in China, and Vanina‐Dart and Sharkov [] who conclude that internal GWs associated with cyclones are the main source that affects the tropical ionosphere from below.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perturbations to the lower ionosphere by tropical cyclone Evan in the South Pacific Region

et al. 2017

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Very low frequency (VLF) electromagnetic signals from navigational transmitters propagate worldwide in the Earth‐ionosphere waveguide formed by the Earth and the electrically conducting lower ionosphere. Changes in the signal properties are signatures of variations in the conductivity of the reflecting boundary of the lower ionosphere which is located in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere, and their analysis is, therefore, a way to study processes in these remote regions. Here we present a study on amplitude perturbations of local origin on the VLF transmitter signals (NPM, NLK, NAA, and JJI) observed during tropical cyclone (TC) Evan, 9–16 December 2012 when TC was in the proximity of the transmitter‐receiver links. We observed a maximum amplitude perturbation of 5.7 dB on JJI transmitter during 16 December event. From Long Wave Propagation Capability model applied to three selected events we estimate a maximum decrease in the nighttime D region reference height (H′) by ~5.2 km (13 December, NPM) and maximum increase in the daytime D region H′ by 6.1 km and 7.5 km (14 and 16 December, JJI). The results suggest that the TC caused the neutral densities of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere to lift and sink (bringing the lower ionosphere with it), an effect that may be mediated by gravity waves generated by the TC. The perturbations were observed before the storm was classified as a TC, at a time when it was a tropical depression, suggesting the broader conclusion that severe convective storms, in general, perturb the mesosphere and the stratosphere through which the perturbations propagate.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perturbations to the lower ionosphere by tropical cyclone Evan in the South Pacific Region

et al. 2017

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“…The ionospheric disturbances observed above the Hong Kong region on 23 August 2017 had a close link with the Super Typhoon Hato. During the TC period, the strong atmospheric convection at lower altitude formed a regional spiral system, which sequentially generated AGWs (Chou et al., 2017; Nolan & Zhang, 2017; Vanina‐Dart & Sharkov, 2016). The energy of AGWs was substantially strengthened when the TC made landfall over the coast most likely due to its interaction with rough terrain (Kong et al., 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, MSTIDs were observed during the TC periods, for example, Super Typhoon Meranti in 2016 (Chou et al., 2017), Super Typhoon Chan‐hom in 2015 (Song et al., 2019), and Super Typhoon Rammasun and Severe Tropical Storm Matmo in 2014 (Song et al., 2017). The current understanding of the coupling of TCs and ionospheric disturbances is that TCs generated the atmospheric (or acoustic) gravity waves (AGWs), which propagate upward into the ionosphere layer and trigger the ionospheric irregularities (Kong et al., 2017; Vanina‐Dart & Sharkov, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionospheric Disturbances Observed From a Single GPS Station in Hong Kong During the Passage of Super Typhoon Hato in 2017

Liu

Lee

2022

Space Weather

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The powerful convection in the lower atmosphere, for example, tropical cyclones (TCs), has a high probability of causing ionospheric disturbances. We observed evident ionospheric disturbances during the passage of Super Typhoon Hato in 2017 by analyzing the highest elevation vertical total electron content (HeVTEC) time series, that is, the VTEC from the Global Positioning System (GPS) satellite with the highest elevation at each epoch, retrieved from a single GPS station in Hong Kong. The results demonstrate that the daily maximum of HeVTEC time series on each day during the TC period experienced a large fluctuation ranging from 33.5 TEC unit (TECU) to the peak value 62.0 TECU. The peak value 62.0 TECU occurred on the TC landfall day 23 August 2017, approximately twice as high as that of non‐TC‐impacted days. We also found that the TEC spatial gradients above the landfall area increased by around 50% and 200% in the north‐to‐south and west‐to‐east directions, respectively. We also examined the daily mean bias (MB) of VTEC above Hong Kong with respect to the mean VTEC during the past 27 days from 20 July to 15 August in 2017. The largest VTEC MB was observed in the west of the landfall area along the TC moving direction, on the TC landfall day. Our findings provided the evidence that the Hato's landfall over the coast near Hong Kong caused the apparent ionospheric disturbances above the landfall area.

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“…The ionospheric responses to severe weather events can be explained as that the acoustic gravity waves (AGWs) are generated by the powerful convection during severe weather events. Then, the AGWs propagate up to the ionospheric altitude, leading to anomalous electron density variation (Xiao et al 2007;Perevalova and Ishin 2011;Vanina-Dart and Sharkov 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ionospheric condition and GPS positioning performance during the 2013 tropical cyclone Usagi event in the Hong Kong region

Liu

2021

Earth Planets Space

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The ionosphere plays a critical role in the electromagnetic waves in communication systems such as the global positioning system (GPS). However, it is suspected that the strong convection during the tropical cyclone (TC) events can be a trigger to anomalous electron density variation in the ionosphere. This study analyzed the variation of three ionosphere-related parameters based on the GPS data including scintillation index S4, cycle slips, and total electron content (TEC) rate (TECR) during the tropical cyclone event (the 2013 TC Usagi) in the Hong Kong region. The results showed that the ionosphere-related parameters had a consistent significant increase on the second day after the Usagi made landfall near Hong Kong. Consequently, the positioning performance of GPS precise point positioning (PPP) and relative positioning modes was degraded. The degradation was ~ 138%, ~ 181%, and ~ 460% in the east (root mean square (RMS) 0.050 m), north (RMS 0.045 m), and up (RMS 0.185 m), respectively, compared with the RMS of 0.021 m in the east, 0.016 m in the north, and 0.033 m in the up on the normal day. Regarding the relative positioning, the positioning errors in the east (RMS 0.134 m) and north (RMS 0.118 m) directions were ~ 7.1 and ~ 7.9 times, respectively, as large as the RMS of 0.019 m in the east and 0.015 m in the north on the normal day. The positioning errors in the up (RMS 0.513 m) direction were ~ 12.2 times larger than the RMS of 0.042 m on the normal day.

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Main results of recent investigations into the physical mechanisms of the interaction of tropical cyclones and the ionosphere

Cited by 13 publications

References 21 publications

Perturbations to the lower ionosphere by tropical cyclone Evan in the South Pacific Region

Perturbations to the lower ionosphere by tropical cyclone Evan in the South Pacific Region

Ionospheric Disturbances Observed From a Single GPS Station in Hong Kong During the Passage of Super Typhoon Hato in 2017

The ionospheric condition and GPS positioning performance during the 2013 tropical cyclone Usagi event in the Hong Kong region

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