Maintenance of Equivalence Classes and Transfer of Functions: The Role of the Nature of Stimuli

Silveira, Marcelo V.; Aggio, Natalia Maria; Cortez, Mariéle Diniz; Bortoloti, Renato; Rico, Viviane Verdu; Rose, Júlio C. de

doi:10.1007/s40732-015-0152-1

Cited by 23 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Outro fator que pode ter interferido é o fato da figura adotada como "negativa" ser um personagem de desenho e, independentemente de ser avaliado como agradável ou não à criança, faz parte do contexto infantil. Sugere-se que pesquisas futuras adotem outras estratégias para escolhas destes estímulos, bem como utilizem medidas de significado, tendo em vista ser esta uma variável importante para a investigação da transferência de função (Bortoloti, Rodrigues, Cortez, Pimentel, & de Rose, 2013;Silveira et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

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Manutenção das classes de equivalência e transferência de função: uma investigação por meio de escolhas alimentares de crianças

Santos

Rose

2017

perspectivas

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Resumo: Esta pesquisa investigou em que medida a equivalência entre personagens e marcas pode influenciar a escolha por alimentos. Também buscou-se verificar a estabilidade da formação de classes e transferência de função. 11 crianças pré-escolares foram submetidas a um procedimento de emparelhamento com o modelo para a formação de duas classes de equivalência (A1B1C1 e A2B2C2) na qual uma continha um personagem de que ela gostava (A1) e outro de que ela não gostava (A2). Os demais estímulos eram figuras geométricas (B1 e B2) e símbolos abstratos (C1 e C2). Após a formação de classes, foram conduzidos três testes de escolha e preferência que consistiam em oferecer aos participantes dois alimentos idênti-cos em embalagens com rótulos diferentes. No Teste 1, os rótulos eram C1 e C2; No Teste 2, C2 e um símbolo novo; e no Teste 3, C1 e um outro símbolo novo. Após duas semanas, estes testes, assim como os de formação de classes de equivalência, foram repetidos. A maioria das crianças escolheu e demonstrou preferência pelo alimento com o símbolo equivalente ao personagem de que ela gostava (C1). Os Testes 2 e 3 foram inconclusivos. Os testes de manutenção indicaram estabilidade na formação das classes e transferência de função. Conclui-se que a equivalência de estímulos é um paradigma comportamental útil para investigação de atitudes e preferências por produtos.Palavras-chave: equivalência de estímulos, transferência de função, manutenção das classes de equivalência, escolhas e preferência alimentares, personagem, crianças.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Um dos objetivos foi verificar tanto a manutenção das classes de equivalência como a transferência de função, tendo em vista haver poucos estudos nesta área (Rehfeldt, & Dymond, 2005;Silveira et al, 2016). Uma das hipóteses é que haveria a transferência de função demonstrada pelos testes de preferência e esta se manteria após um período de tempo.…”

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Manutenção das classes de equivalência e transferência de função: uma investigação por meio de escolhas alimentares de crianças

Santos

Rose

2017

perspectivas

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“…Latinem and Rakos (1997) identified four types of stimulus control usually used by the media: establishing operations (Laraway, Snycerski, Michael, & Poling, 2003;Michael, 2000), discriminative stimuli and rules (Okouchi, 1999;Rakos, 1993;Schlinger, 1993;Schlinger & Blakely, 1994) and symbols (de Almeida, & de Rose, 2015;Sidman, 1997;Silveira, Aggio, Cortez, Bortoloti, Rico & de Rose, 2016). Newspapers, radio, and television stations worked to teach rules (description of contingencies) to drivers and pedestrians regarding the function of crosswalks, furnished models of desired behaviors.…”

Section: Description In Behavior Analytic Termsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crossing the Crosswalk: How to Make a City Walk the Line

Machado

Todorov

2017

Behav. Soc. Iss.

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Stopping for pedestrians in the crosswalk is a longstanding legal mandate in Brazil, but is rarely obeyed or enforced, except in the Brazilian capital, Brasilia where yielding is almost universal because of a campaign planned and developed as a joint effort of government, universities, the media and non-governmental organizations. An overview of the process that resulted in large scale change in cultural practices is presented in this brief report. KEYWORDS: pedestrian safety, traffic safety, Paz no Trânsito, changing cultural practicesIn 1996 Brasilia, DF, Brazil was a city characterized by high speeding cars and a significant number of accidents. A campaign was organized involving several key institutions of civil society (media, churches, the University of Brasília) and government (police and the traffic department of Brasília) acting together. The campaign reduced urban speed and established the cultural practice of respecting crosswalks: practically all drivers in Brasília now stop for the pedestrians crossing the street in the crosswalk. This present paper describes in behavior analytic terms the actions of these institutions that established that change in a cultural practice and discuss this change applying the concept of metacontingency as a conceptual tool to understand this cultural phenomenon.

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“…By employing faces whose emotional-eliciting features have been concealed (as per the recommendations of Bassili, 1979), however, it becomes possible to understand the effect of relational structure membership on their valences, rather than the perception of facial features per se (Amd & Roche, 2015). Continuing along the line of some recent findings (e.g., Amd & Roche, 2015;Silveira et al, 2015), emotional TOF studies using faces have highlighted the importance of membership within newly established relational structures (versus preexisting ones; see Lakens, Semin, & Foroni, 2012) in manipulating stimulus valence (Amd & Roche, 2016). This is why blurred faces were employed as stimuli in the present study, given previous findings showing happiness/valence TOF effects as most pronounced when emotionally masked faces are embedded in relational structures (Amd, 2014;Amd & Roche, 2015; but see Amd, Barnes-Holmes, & Ivanoff, 2013, for a non-face-related exception).…”

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confidence: 98%

“…Indeed, even faces normatively rated as exhibiting "neutral" expressions have been shown to evoke some degree of differential responding (e.g., Mignault & Chaudhuri, 2003). If no emotional information can be gleaned from one's face, however, its emotional properties can be derived based on the relationships it shares with other faces within a relational structure (Amd & Roche, 2015Silveira et al, 2015). For instance, if provided the relational information "Adam is happier than Bob", or Adam > happy Bob (where "Adam" and "Bob" are emotionally masked faces) then, holding all other factors constant, it is likely that an individual will respond to Adam as happier than Bob (e.g., Amd, 2014;Amd & Roche, 2015; for similar effects with non-face stimuli, see Dougher, Hamilton, Fink, & Harrington, 2007;Dymond, Schlund, Roche, & Whelan, 2014;Roche & Dymond, 2008).…”

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confidence: 99%

Transforming valences through transitive inference: How are faces emotionally dissonant?

Amd

Roche

2017

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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Information that is emotionally incongruous with self-concepts can produce feelings of unease. This implies that embedding incongruous information in newly formed relational structures would have little effect on their previous emotive properties. Alternatively, Relational Frame Theory highlights the importance of contextualized stimulus-stimulus relations, where the structure of a relational series is key in determining the function of its elements. To see whether series membership can mitigate 'dissonance' when a salient element is employed, the present investigation trained and tested a seven-term relational series (X>A>B>C>D>E>Y) using blurred faces as stimuli. Specifically, Stimuli X, A, B, D, E and Y were blurred unfamiliar faces and Stimulus C constituted of the participant's own blurred face, assumed to be more salient than the former. To assess how the valences of the related stimuli were transformed by relational series membership, self-report ratings and electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings were collected before and after training the X>A>B>C>D>E>Y series. These pre vs. post contrasts revealed that, for unfamiliar faces, stimulus valence transformed as a function of relational structure. Conversely, the lack of difference in pre vs. post contrasts of Stimulus C, which maintained a high valence, suggest that relational series membership may not suffice to mitigate emotionally dissonant information. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Maintenance of Equivalence Classes and Transfer of Functions: The Role of the Nature of Stimuli

Cited by 23 publications

References 26 publications

Manutenção das classes de equivalência e transferência de função: uma investigação por meio de escolhas alimentares de crianças

Manutenção das classes de equivalência e transferência de função: uma investigação por meio de escolhas alimentares de crianças

Crossing the Crosswalk: How to Make a City Walk the Line

Transforming valences through transitive inference: How are faces emotionally dissonant?

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