Maintien en emploi et inégalités de sexe

Abstract

S’appuyant sur les données statistiques recueillies dans le cadre d’une recherche sur l’égalité entre les hommes et les femmes séniors en Suisse, l’article propose une analyse de la seconde partie de carrière sous l’angle de la division sexuelle du travail. Les taux élevés d’emploi des deux sexes dans ce pays tendent à masquer les inégalités de genre en matière d’insertion professionnelle, d’accès à la retraite et de cumul de charges de travail professionnelle et domestique. Fortement structurés par un « régime de genre traditionnel », les politiques publiques et le marché du travail concourent à allonger la durée de vie active des femmes afin qu’elles puissent assurer leur subsistance économique.Using statistical data gathered for a research project on equality between older men and women in Switzerland, this paper offers an analysis of the sexual division of labour in the latter half of workers’ careers. The high rates of employment of both sexes in this country tend to obscure gender inequalities in job-market integration, access to retirement and shouldering of both occupational and household workloads. Rigidly structured by a “traditional gender system,” public policies and the job market combine to lengthen the working lives of women as they seek to ensure their economic subsistence

How voluntary is the active ageing life? A life-course study on the determinants of extending careers

“…Concerning the influence of financial conditions on retirement timing, it is noteworthy that, in the academic research done thus far in Switzerland, there is near-unanimity about the robust relationship between financial status and early retirements (Cattacin 2006;OFS 2011OFS , 2012aKuehni et al 2013;Madero-Cabib 2016). This is because the existing Swiss pension structure is designed to allow people with continuous work careers and sufficient pension savings to retire early.…”

“…Recent research in Switzerland reveals relevant differences between women and men in various aspects of retirement. An illustrative case is the timing of retirement: men usually retire earlier than women, and also start to claim income from pension savings, especially from occupational pension schemes, earlier than women (Bütler et al 2004;Kuehni et al 2013;Le Feuvre et al 2014;Madero-Cabib 2016). This finding is also replicated on an international level (Finch 2014).…”

“…In addition, active ageing policies such as the provision of economic benefits for late retirement by public and private pension funds, or financial penalties for early retirement in the public pension structure, have been proposed and approved (OFS 2012a;Kuehni et al 2013). However, this does not mean that every Swiss worker is currently likely to retire late, nor does it imply that those who retire late do so voluntarily.…”

The life course determinants of vulnerability in late careers

“…This gender distribution is probably due to the strong male breadwinner model in Switzerland, which usually entails low female participation in the labour market, especially during the life courses of the cohorts under study (Le Feuvre, Kuehni, Rosende, & Schoeni, 2014;Kuehni, Rosende, & Schoeni, 2013;Rosende & Schoeni, 2012).…”

“…Based on previous Swiss research, this evidence can be preliminarily explained by the current sexual division of the Swiss labour market. This division creates the condition in which women with family obligations are more likely to have an interrupted career and part-time jobs, and conversely, assures a stable occupational status, i.e., full-time jobs, wage increases and continuous careers, for men (Le Feuvre et al, 2014;Kuehni et al, 2013;Rosende & Schoeni, 2012).…”