S’appuyant sur les données statistiques recueillies dans le cadre d’une recherche sur l’égalité entre les hommes et les femmes séniors en Suisse, l’article propose une analyse de la seconde partie de carrière sous l’angle de la division sexuelle du travail. Les taux élevés d’emploi des deux sexes dans ce pays tendent à masquer les inégalités de genre en matière d’insertion professionnelle, d’accès à la retraite et de cumul de charges de travail professionnelle et domestique. Fortement structurés par un « régime de genre traditionnel », les politiques publiques et le marché du travail concourent à allonger la durée de vie active des femmes afin qu’elles puissent assurer leur subsistance économique.Using statistical data gathered for a research project on equality between older men and women in Switzerland, this paper offers an analysis of the sexual division of labour in the latter half of workers’ careers. The high rates of employment of both sexes in this country tend to obscure gender inequalities in job-market integration, access to retirement and shouldering of both occupational and household workloads. Rigidly structured by a “traditional gender system,” public policies and the job market combine to lengthen the working lives of women as they seek to ensure their economic subsistence
Résumé Cet article propose de mettre en exergue les enjeux sexués de la seconde partie de carrière à partir du cas helvétique. Il prend en considération les logiques structurelles (protection sociale et évolution de l’emploi) qui facilitent ou entravent le maintien sur le marché du travail des personnes de 50 ans et plus. Resitué dans le contexte européen – et plus particulièrement français – d’incitation politique au vieillissement actif, l’examen de l’emploi et du système de retraite révèle l’effet de la division sexuelle du travail sur les trajectoires d’activité rémunérée des seniors. L’article montre que les réformes récentes du système de protection sociale contribuent à recomposer et à renforcer les inégalités de genre durant cette étape de la vie active.
Purpose-The purpose of this paper is to examine the gendered processes of ageing at work in Switzerland, a country already characterised by particularly high employment rates for seniors of both sexes, and where the notion of "active ageing" has recently appeared on the policy agenda. The study illustrates the mechanisms through which men and women accumulate dis-/advantage across the life course, and the influence that critical events in different life domains have on the conditions under which they prepare the transition to retirement. Design/methodology/approach-The data used in the paper were collected with a mixed methods approach, including secondary statistical data analysis, expert interviews (with human resource and line managers), company case studies and 63-biographical interviews with male and female seniors employed in three different sectors (food distribution, health, transport) of the Swiss labour market. The interview guide covered issues relating directly to the employment histories and working conditions of the over 50s, but also enabled respondents to reflect on the influence of past or recent events in their private lives on their experiences of ageing at work (and vice versa). Findings-The study shows that, in the Swiss context, ageing at work is a social experience, that is profoundly marked by societal-level normative "gender scripts" and by the gendered nature of major life-course transitions. However, rather than producing a clear distinction between the experiences of men on the one hand and women on the other, studying the accumulation of dis-/advantages (Dannefer, 2009) enables us to elaborate a more nuanced typology, mapping the Swiss experience of ageing at work according to four alternative ideal-type models: confident, resentful, determined and distressed. Social implications-In a context characterised by prolonged life expectancy and restricted welfare budgets, a clearer understanding of the conditions under which men and women make decisions about the continuation, interruption or adaptation of their professional activities (and care commitments) in the second half of their adult lives has clear implications, both for patterns of "active ageing" and for gender equality. Originality/value-The paper sheds new light on the gendered variations in the experience of ageing at work in the Swiss context; it examines the implications of the dis-/advantages accumulated by different categories of men and women during various transitions in the employment and family spheres on their autonomy, well-being and satisfaction during this critical period of their adult lives.
No abstract
Cet article se veut une réponse aux écrits de Élisabeth Badinter, Marcela Iacub et Hervé Le Bras qui ont récemment monopolisé la rubrique société des médias francophones. Leurs attaques contre la première enquête sur les violences faites aux femmes, ainsi que contre la posture victimiste qui en sous-tendrait la démarche, incriminent le féminisme dans son ensemble. Révélant une vision apolitique et essentialisante de la violence et de la sexualité qui conduit à légitimer les inégalités, leurs propos sont animés par un antiféminisme relativement subtil, d’autant plus dangereux qu’il conforte « scientifiquement » le sens commun.
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