Seconde partie de carrière, régime de retraite et inégalités de sexe

Abstract

Résumé Cet article propose de mettre en exergue les enjeux sexués de la seconde partie de carrière à partir du cas helvétique. Il prend en considération les logiques structurelles (protection sociale et évolution de l’emploi) qui facilitent ou entravent le maintien sur le marché du travail des personnes de 50 ans et plus. Resitué dans le contexte européen – et plus particulièrement français – d’incitation politique au vieillissement actif, l’examen de l’emploi et du système de retraite révèle l’effet de la division sexuelle du travail sur les trajectoires d’activité rémunérée des seniors. L’article montre que les réformes récentes du système de protection sociale contribuent à recomposer et à renforcer les inégalités de genre durant cette étape de la vie active.

Gendered work–family life courses and financial well-being in retirement

“…The Swiss pension system just recently introduced pension points for each child a woman had, albeit too late to affect our study cohorts (CFQF, 2011). In the long-term, however, equalizing women's capacity to accrue pensions independently through employment is a more sustainable strategy for enduringly reducing gender inequality across the life course and into old age (Fasang et al, 2013;Rosende & Schoeni, 2012). Next to increasing women's labour market integration and pension recognition of family care, our findings underline that it is crucial to provide access to pension benefits in part-time jobs, as has been argued by numerous gender welfare state scholars (e.g.…”

“…They are not covered by occupational pension schemes if they earn below a lower earnings limit, which is usually the case (Ginn et al, 2001;Oesch, 2008). Recent studies (Le Feuvre et al, 2014;Kuehni et al, 2013;Rosende & Schoeni, 2012) highlight high pension penalties for employment interruptions due to family responsibilities that incur losses in public pensions and are associated with limited access to the other pillars in Switzerland. We lack reliable numbers earlier, but even in 2008 only 5 percent of working men were not contributing to any occupational pension fund, while this was the case for 20 percent of working women (Rosende & Schoeni, 2012).…”

“…Recent studies (Le Feuvre et al, 2014;Kuehni et al, 2013;Rosende & Schoeni, 2012) highlight high pension penalties for employment interruptions due to family responsibilities that incur losses in public pensions and are associated with limited access to the other pillars in Switzerland. We lack reliable numbers earlier, but even in 2008 only 5 percent of working men were not contributing to any occupational pension fund, while this was the case for 20 percent of working women (Rosende & Schoeni, 2012). This percentage was presumably much higher during the life courses of our study cohorts given an increase of female labour force participation in Switzerland across the past decades (OECD, 2014).…”

“…On the other hand, women who were never married tend to have higher individual pension income than continuously married women, albeit the difference varies across countries (Fasang et al, 2013). Family tasks like childcare and housework are, mostly for women, associated with employment interruptions and consequently with low pension accrual (Madero-Cabib, 2015;Farkas & O'Rand, 1998;Ginn & Arber, 1999;Le Feuvre et al, 2014;Rosende & Schoeni, 2012).…”

Gendered variations in the experience of ageing at work in Switzerland

“…The employment rates of Swiss women have been steadily increasing since the mid-1990s and this is particularly true for "seniors" [1]. Thus, 71 per cent of Swiss women aged between 50 and 59 years were in paid employment in 2010, compared to just 55 per cent in 1991 (Rosende and Schoeni, 2012). Over the same period, the activity rate of men stagnated at around 80 per cent (Murier, 2012).…”