Maíz Azul De Los Valles Altos De México. I . Rendimiento De Grano Y Caracteres Agronómicos

Arellano-Vázquez, José Luis; Tut-Couoh, Casiano; María-Ramírez, Andrés; Salinas-Moreno, Yolanda; Taboada-Gaytán, Oswaldo R.

doi:10.35196/rfm.2003.2.101

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Los resultados muestran un alto efecto racial y con menor efecto las diferencias entre poblaciones dentro de cada raza. Arellano-Vázquez et al (2003) evaluaron dos poblaciones de la raza bolita en cinco localidades de Puebla, Estado de México y Tlaxcala, y determinaron en promedio 104 días a floración femenina con 141 cm en altura de planta. Estos resultados difieren en floración femenina de los registros del presente trabajo (74.5 a 76.2 días), pero semejantes en altura de planta (137.9 a 141.3 cm).…”

Section: Resultados Y Discusiónunclassified

Variación Fenotípica Entre Poblaciones Precoces De Maíz Nativo De Oaxaca

Diego-Flores,

Padilla-Cortés,

Martínez-Martínez

et al. 2023

RMAE

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La selección y preservación de variedades locales de maíz que hacen cada año los agricultores en sus parcelas modifican la estructura genética poblacional en direcciones diversas como es la precocidad a floración, rápido llenado de grano y cosecha. El objetivo fue evaluar la variación de caracteres agromorfológicos en cuatro poblaciones nativas clasificadas dentro de las razas Bolita y Zapalote Chico, mediante siembra y cultivo en tres localidades de Oaxaca, México. Las poblaciones evaluadas están en un proceso de selección masal (segundo ciclo) y se establecieron bajo un diseño de bloques al azar con cuatro repeticiones, en terrenos de agricultores de Santa Lucia Miahuatlán, Coatecas Altas y Villa de Zaachila, Oaxaca, esta última bajo riego y las primeras en temporal. En los análisis de varianza se registraron diferencias significativas entre poblaciones y localidades para todas las variables, excepto en días a floración masculina entre localidades, y las interacciones localidades-poblaciones no presentaron diferencias significativas en ocho de catorce variables evaluadas. En Zaachila, se registraron valores fenotípicos de mayor magnitud, pero entre localidades de temporal la respuesta fue baja y semejante. En floración masculina, grosor de 10 granos y peso de 500 granos, se estimaron valores altos de varianza genotípica o poblacional y en heredabilidad en sentido amplio. El análisis de componentes principales fue útil para describir y discriminar la variación fenotípica diferencial entre las poblaciones evaluadas, principalmente con una mayor contribución explicativa de altura de planta y mazorca, peso y volumen de 500 granos.

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Section: Resultados Y Discusiónunclassified

Variación Fenotípica Entre Poblaciones Precoces De Maíz Nativo De Oaxaca

Diego-Flores,

Padilla-Cortés,

Martínez-Martínez

et al. 2023

RMAE

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“…In this regard, periods of atypical rainfall during key stages of the crop can cause the abortion of grains and ears, giving rise to ear percentages below one unit (Romero-Cortes et al, 2022b). In other studies, with Chalqueño maize was reported that they can obtain from 0.9 to 1.1 ears per plant, under very favorable experimental and rainfed conditions (Arellano et al, 2003;Velázquez, 2013). It is evident that the differences observed between the different populations of Chalqueño maize, studied in different geographical regions of Mexico, are partly due to the genetic information of each biological material, and its adaptation to the biotic and abiotic factors of each locality which in the end is expressed in a higher or lower grain yield.…”

Section: Ear Per Plantmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…On the other hand, the T2 treatment plants showed acceptable grain yields, with average values of 4.28 y 5.47 t ha -1 , for the years 2019 and 2020. Likewise, for several populations of Chalqueño maize, evaluated in different geographical regions of Mexico, under a chemical and temporary fertilization scheme, grain yields of between 2 and 10.5 t ha -1 were reported (Arellano et al, 2003;Miguel et al, 2004;González, 2007;González et al, 2008;Arellano et al, 2014;López-Morales et al, 2021). When Chalqueño maize plants are managed under an irrigation and residual moisture system in various production environments in Mexico, grain yield values of between 0.71 and 4.1 t ha -1 and 0.87 to 3.39 t ha -1 had been reported, respectively (Pérez et al, 2007).…”

Section: Grain Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Creole race that is highly appreciated because they are considered specialty genetic materials and a source of high-yield genes for the creation of hybrids (Mota et al, 2020b;CIMMYT, 2022). Similarly, this corn is preferred by producers due to its adaptation to the region's temporary conditions, as well as its gastronomic qualities for the preparation of different foods, and for the industrial extraction of pigments (Arellano et al, 2003;López-Morales et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CHALQUEÑO MAIZE (Zea mays L.) YIELD UNDER DIFFERENT FERTILIZATION SCHEMES IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF APAN, HIDALGO, MEXICO

Cuervo Parra,

López Pérez,

Aparicio Burgos

et al. 2023

Trop Subtrop Agroecosyst

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Background. In Mexico, corn is the most important crop, being an important input with food, economic, political, and social implications. However, intensive cultivation methods, based on chemical pesticides, monoculture and synthetic agrochemicals have caused a reduction in soil fertility and crop yields. An alternative, which can help restore soil fertility, increasing organic matter, moisture retention and the load of microorganisms, is mixed fertilizer. Stimulating, in addition, the defense systems of the plants and thus increasing the yield of the crops. Objective. To evaluate some fertilization schemes in Chalqueño maize plants through the measurement of some growth and yield variables. Methodology. A completely randomized block experimental design was established with three repetitions, where four fertilization schemes were evaluated (T1, control without fertilizer input; T2, chemical fertilizer; T3, organic fertilizer; and T4, chemical fertilizer + organic fertilizer) during the crop years 2019-2020. Results. The analyzes showed significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) between the evaluated treatments and years of cultivation. Being the T4 treatment, the one that obtained the best grain yield for the years 2019 and 2020, with values of 5.11 ± 0.05b t ha-1 and 6.57 ± 0.95a t ha-1, while the T1 treatment, recorded 1.59 ± 0.12f t ha-1 and 2.15 ± 0.38e t ha-1, respectively. Implications. With the information generated, it will be possible to implement the best fertilization scheme that provides the corn plants with all the necessary nutrients so that year after year they obtain the best grain yields. Conclusion. Through the results it was possible to demonstrate the negative effect of environmental factors (higher temperature and less rainfall), on the yield of the corn crop during the year 2019, with respect to the best yield result obtained for all the treatments during the year 2020 where a lower temperature and higher rainfall were recorded. Being equally evident the positive effect on the yield when plants were fertilized with the T4 treatment that provided to the corn crop with an adequate dose of moisture and macro and micronutrients.

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“…In the Central Highlands of Mexico, the genetic diversity of blue corn is extensive; however, there are few studies related to genetic improvements in this variant of corn to increase its yield and resistance to lodging, or to optimize its grain texture. Native creole varieties of blue corn yield from 2.7 to 6.6 t ha −1 [8], and it is feasible to exceed this yield by developing hybrids that are suitable for rainfed and irrigated areas. The formation of hybrids that will be commercially released after being evaluated in multiple environments involves identifying populations or varieties with broad genetic bases, developing lines, defining their general and specific combining abilities, and selecting superior lines [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining Ability and Reciprocal Effects for the Yield of Elite Blue Corn Lines from the Central Highlands of Mexico

Arellano-Vázquez,

Gutiérrez-Hernández,

Ceja-Torres

et al. 2023

Plants

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The development of hybrid plants can increase the production and quality of blue corn, and, thus, satisfy its high demand. For this development, it is essential to understand the heterotic relationships of the germplasm. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability, as well as the reciprocal effects (REs) on the yields of 10 blue corn lines, and to select the outstanding lines. Diallel crosses were generated with 10 lines and evaluated at the Valle de México Experimental Station in Chapingo, Mexico, and Calpulalpan, Tlaxcala, Mexico. There were differences (p ≤ 0.01) in the hybrids, Loc, effects of GCA, SCA, and REs, and in the following interactions: hybrids × Loc, GCA × Loc, SCA × Loc, and RE × Loc. For GCA, lines Ll, L4, L6, and L9 stood out, with significant values of 3.4, 2.9, 2.9, and 3.1, respectively. For SCA, the hybrids featured were L4 × L10, L2 × L10, L1 × L10, L7 × L8, and L2 × L6, with values of 3.0, 2.5, 2.3, 2.3, and 2.2, and yields of 11.2, 10.2, 10.4, 10.4, and 10.5 t ha−l, respectively. There were no significant REs in these lines. Considerable effects of GCA and SCA were detected; therefore, we concluded that native populations had favorable dominance and additive genetic effects that could be used to support the development of high-yielding lines and hybrids.

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Maíz Azul De Los Valles Altos De México. I . Rendimiento De Grano Y Caracteres Agronómicos

Cited by 4 publications

References 1 publication

Variación Fenotípica Entre Poblaciones Precoces De Maíz Nativo De Oaxaca

Variación Fenotípica Entre Poblaciones Precoces De Maíz Nativo De Oaxaca

CHALQUEÑO MAIZE (Zea mays L.) YIELD UNDER DIFFERENT FERTILIZATION SCHEMES IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF APAN, HIDALGO, MEXICO

Combining Ability and Reciprocal Effects for the Yield of Elite Blue Corn Lines from the Central Highlands of Mexico

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