Maize endosperm development

Dai, Dawei; Ma, Zeyang; Song, Rentao

doi:10.1111/jipb.13069

Cited by 57 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 200 publications

(327 reference statements)

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“…The seeds have undergone outstanding morphological and physiological changes through evolution [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Thus, we can refer to the storage tissues to support the embryo growth, and the existence of protective layers of hardened tissues to prevent desiccation [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. After fertilization, the three main parts of the seed, embryo, endosperm, and seed coat undergo a series of developmental processes that converge in the production of a mature seed that is developmentally arrested, strongly desiccated, and metabolically quiescent [ 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Dormancy and Drying: Two Key Traits Along Seed Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Orthodox Dry Seeds Are Alive: A Clear Example of Desiccation Tolerance

Matilla

2021

Plants

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To survive in the dry state, orthodox seeds acquire desiccation tolerance. As maturation progresses, the seeds gradually acquire longevity, which is the total timespan during which the dry seeds remain viable. The desiccation-tolerance mechanism(s) allow seeds to remain dry without losing their ability to germinate. This adaptive trait has played a key role in the evolution of land plants. Understanding the mechanisms for seed survival after desiccation is one of the central goals still unsolved. That is, the cellular protection during dry state and cell repair during rewatering involves a not entirely known molecular network(s). Although desiccation tolerance is retained in seeds of higher plants, resurrection plants belonging to different plant lineages keep the ability to survive desiccation in vegetative tissue. Abscisic acid (ABA) is involved in desiccation tolerance through tight control of the synthesis of unstructured late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins, heat shock thermostable proteins (sHSPs), and non-reducing oligosaccharides. During seed maturation, the progressive loss of water induces the formation of a so-called cellular “glass state”. This glassy matrix consists of soluble sugars, which immobilize macromolecules offering protection to membranes and proteins. In this way, the secondary structure of proteins in dry viable seeds is very stable and remains preserved. ABA insensitive-3 (ABI3), highly conserved from bryophytes to Angiosperms, is essential for seed maturation and is the only transcription factor (TF) required for the acquisition of desiccation tolerance and its re-induction in germinated seeds. It is noteworthy that chlorophyll breakdown during the last step of seed maturation is controlled by ABI3. This update contains some current results directly related to the physiological, genetic, and molecular mechanisms involved in survival to desiccation in orthodox seeds. In other words, the mechanisms that facilitate that an orthodox dry seed is a living entity.

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Section: Dormancy and Drying: Two Key Traits Along Seed Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Orthodox Dry Seeds Are Alive: A Clear Example of Desiccation Tolerance

Matilla

2021

Plants

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“…Considering that DS affects the development of endosperm, we specifically explored the accumulation patterns of proteins related to endosperm development under WS conditions. Therefore, we collected 33 genes related to different cells of the endosperm from the report of Dai et al [39] (Fig. 5).…”

Section: Effects Of Ds On the Accumulation Level Of Proteins Involved In Maize Endosperm And Starch Biosynthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteomics reveals the effects of drought stress on the kernel development and starch formation of waxy maize

Guo

et al. 2021

BMC Plant Biol

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Background Kernel development and starch formation are the primary determinants of maize yield and quality, which are considerably influenced by drought stress. To clarify the response of maize kernel to drought stress, we established well-watered (WW) and water-stressed (WS) conditions at 1–30 days after pollination (dap) on waxy maize (Zea mays L. sinensis Kulesh). Results Kernel development, starch accumulation, and activities of starch biosynthetic enzymes were significantly reduced by drought stress. The morphology of starch granules changed, whereas the grain filling rate was accelerated. A comparative proteomics approach was applied to analyze the proteome change in kernels under two treatments at 10 dap and 25 dap. Under the WS conditions, 487 and 465 differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) were identified at 10 dap and 25 dap, respectively. Drought induced the downregulation of proteins involved in the oxidation–reduction process and oxidoreductase, peroxidase, catalase, glutamine synthetase, abscisic acid stress ripening 1, and lipoxygenase, which might be an important reason for the effect of drought stress on kernel development. Notably, several proteins involved in waxy maize endosperm and starch biosynthesis were upregulated at early-kernel stage under WS conditions, which might have accelerated endosperm development and starch synthesis. Additionally, 17 and 11 common DAPs were sustained in the upregulated and downregulated DAP groups, respectively, at 10 dap and 25 dap. Among these 28 proteins, four maize homologs (i.e., A0A1D6H543, B4FTP0, B6SLJ0, and A0A1D6H5J5) were considered as candidate proteins that affected kernel development and drought stress response by comparing with the rice genome. Conclusions The proteomic changes caused by drought were highly correlated with kernel development and starch accumulation, which were closely related to the final yield and quality of waxy maize. Our results provided a foundation for the enhanced understanding of kernel development and starch formation in response to drought stress in waxy maize.

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“…O11 is a central hub of the regulatory network for maize endosperm development . A detailed summary of the regulatory network of maize endosperm development can be found in a recent article (Dai et al 2021). In barley, HvGAMYB can promote the development of endosperm by enhancing the effect of another transcription activator (Diaz et al 2002).…”

Section: Endosperm Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional regulation of plant seed development

Wan

Zhou

et al. 2021

Physiologia Plantarum

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Plant seeds, which are unique reproductive organs of gymnosperms and angiosperms, are used for edible, medicinal, and industrial purposes. Transcription factors (TFs) are master regulators of plant growth, development, and stress responses. This review describes, in detail, the functions of TFs in regulating seed development. Different TFs, or even different TF families, may have similar functions in seed development. For example, WUSCHEL-related homeobox, LEC2/FUS3/ABI3, and HEME ACTIVA-TOR PROTEIN3 families can control plant seed embryonic initiation and development. In contrast, some members of the same TF family may have completely opposite roles. For instance, AtMYB76 and AtMYB89 inhibit the accumulation of seed oil, whereas AtMYB96 promotes seed fatty acid accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Compared with the number of studies that have addressed regulation by single TFs, only a few have focused on multiple-TF regulatory networks. This review should be useful as a reference for future studies on regulatory networks of TF complexes. | INTRODUCTIONPlant seeds are developed from ovules and are unique reproductive organs of higher plants, and generally have three differentiated components: the embryo, endosperm, and the seed coat (Gutierrez et al. 2007;Weber et al. 2005). The seed development process can be divided into two stages. The first stage, embryogenesis, includes embryonic, endosperm, and seed coat development (Goldberg et al. 1994). Seed maturation, the second stage, comprises radicle growth and seed filling, when large amounts of stored proteins and oils are accumulated (Shu et al. 2016). At the end of the seed maturation process, the seed dries, RNA and protein synthesis stop, and the embryo enters dormancy. Seed

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Maize endosperm development

Cited by 57 publications

References 200 publications

The Orthodox Dry Seeds Are Alive: A Clear Example of Desiccation Tolerance

The Orthodox Dry Seeds Are Alive: A Clear Example of Desiccation Tolerance

Proteomics reveals the effects of drought stress on the kernel development and starch formation of waxy maize

Transcriptional regulation of plant seed development

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