Major incident simulation in Rwanda: A report of two exercises

Mbanjumucyo, Gabin; Nahayo, Ernest; Polzin-Rosenberg, Noah; Cattermole, Giles N.

doi:10.1016/j.afjem.2018.02.001

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The following evaluation methods were most commonly used in the studies: Questionnaires/Likert scales [ 18 , 23 , 25 , 29 , 30 , 32 , 36 – 38 ] debriefing pre sessions [ 17 , 21 ] and post-exercise exam [ 16 , 37 , 39 ]. The other evaluation methods used to assess the SimEx’s outcomes were observed for live scenarios and learning management system software such as Moodle [ 20 ], retrospective object evaluation [ 22 ], and METHANE which is a standard tool to assess and report major incident parameters include “type”, “precise location”, “hazards”, “access”, “casualty numbers”, and “emergency service [ 28 ]. To evaluate them, it is imperative to have a clear and concise strategy.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The development of SimEx should also be carried out by professionals who examine previous research, plans, systems, and simulation designs. It is also important to develop a risk assessment plan to address the risks related to the SimEx design and participants [ 28 ]. Diverse groups of participants with defined roles assigned via different teams make exercises more dynamic and enjoyable [ 40 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systematic review on the current state of disaster preparation Simulation Exercises (SimEx)

Mahdi,

Jafri,

Allana

et al. 2023

BMC Emerg Med

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Introduction The simulation exercise (SimEx) simulates an emergency in which an elaboration or description of the response is applied. The purpose of these exercises is to validate and improve plans, procedures, and systems for responding to all hazards. The purpose of this study was to review disaster preparation exercises conducted by various national, non-government, and academic institutions. Methodology Several databases, including PubMed (Medline), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), BioMed Central, and Google Scholar, were used to review the literature. Information was retrieved using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and documents were selected according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). To assess the quality of the selected articles, the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) technique was utilized. Results A total of 29 papers were selected for final review based on PRISMA guidelines and the NOS quality assessment. Studies have shown that many forms of SimEx commonly used in disaster management including tabletop exercises, functional exercises, and full-scale exercises have their benefits and limitations. There is no doubt that SimEx is an excellent tool for improving disaster planning and response. It is still necessary to give SimEx programs a more rigorous evaluation and to standardize the processes more thoroughly. Conclusions Drills and training can be improved for disaster management, which will enable medical professionals to face the challenges of disaster management in the 21st century.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review on the current state of disaster preparation Simulation Exercises (SimEx)

Mahdi,

Jafri,

Allana

et al. 2023

BMC Emerg Med

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“…In Nigeria, air ambulances are a very expensive endeavor and are run by the military or private organizations and largely limited to operations in the country’s financial and political capitals [ 64 ]. Boat ambulances have been documented in the literature for Libya, Nigeria, South Africa, and Rwanda [ 38 , 65 ].…”

Section: Search Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disparities in Access to Trauma Care in Sub-Saharan Africa: a Narrative Review

Alayande,

Chu,

Jumbam

et al. 2022

Curr Trauma Rep

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Purpose of Review Sub-Saharan Africa is a diverse context with a large burden of injury and trauma-related deaths. Relative to high-income contexts, most of the region is less mature in prehospital and facility-based trauma care, education and training, and trauma care quality assurance. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development recognizes rising inequalities, both within and between countries as a deterrent to growth and development. While disparities in access to trauma care between the region and HICs are more commonly described, internal disparities are equally concerning. We performed a narrative review of internal disparities in trauma care access using a previously described conceptual model. Recent Findings A broad PubMed and EMBASE search from 2010 to 2021 restricted to 48 sub-Saharan African countries was performed. Records focused on disparities in access to trauma care were identified and mapped to de Jager’s four component framework. Search findings, input from contextual experts, comparisons based on other related research, and disaggregation of data helped inform the narrative. Only 21 studies were identified by formal search, with most focused on urban versus rural disparities in geographical access to trauma care. An additional 6 records were identified through citation searches and experts. Disparity in access to trauma care providers, detection of indications for trauma surgery, progression to trauma surgery, and quality care provision were thematically analyzed. No specific data on disparities in access to injury care for all four domains was available for more than half of the countries. From available data, socioeconomic status, geographical location, insurance, gender, and age were recognized disparity domains. South Africa has the most mature trauma systems. Across the region, high quality trauma care access is skewed towards the urban, insured, higher socioeconomic class adult. District hospitals are more poorly equipped and manned, and dedicated trauma centers, blood banks, and intensive care facilities are largely located within cities and in southern Africa. The largest geographical gaps in trauma care are presumably in central Africa, francophone West Africa, and conflict regions of East Africa. Disparities in trauma training opportunities, public–private disparities in provider availability, injury care provider migration, and several other factors contribute to this inequity. National trauma registries will play a role in internal inequity monitoring, and deliberate development implementation of National Surgical, Obstetrics, and Anesthesia plans will help address disparities. Human, systemic, and historical factors supporting these disparities including implicit and explicit bias must be clearly identified and addressed. Systems approaches, strategic trauma policy frameworks, and global and regional coalitions, as modelled by the Global Alliance for Care of the Injured and the Bellagio group, are key. Inequity in access can be reduced by prehospital initiatives, as used in Ghana, and community-based insurance, as modelled by Rwanda. Summary Sub-Saharan African countries have underdeveloped trauma systems. Consistent in the narrative is the rural-urban disparity in trauma care access and the disadvantage of the poor. Further research is needed in view of data disparity. Recognition of these disparities should drive creative equitable solutions and focused interventions, partnerships, accompaniment, and action.

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“…A few studies used blended format, usually workshops followed by virtual training (in-person and virtual) [ 36 , 45 , 55 , 64 , 65 , 102 , 127 , 128 , 153 , 192 , 242 , 271 , 302 , 319 – 321 ] ( Fig 3 )…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning interventions and training methods in health emergencies: A scoping review

Utunen,

Balaciano,

Arabi

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Background Keeping the health workforce and the public informed about the latest evolving health information during a health emergency is critical to preventing, detecting and responding to infectious disease outbreaks or other health emergencies. Having a well-informed, ready, willing, and skilled workforce and an informed public can help save lives, reduce diseases and suffering, and minimize socio-economic loss in affected communities and countries. Providing “just in time” support and opportunities for learning in health emergencies is much needed for capacity building. In this paper, ‘learning intervention’ refers to the provision of ad-hoc, focused, or personalized training sessions with the goal of preparing the health workers for emergencies or filling specific knowledge or skill gaps. We refer to ‘training methods’ as instructional design strategies used to teach someone the necessary knowledge and skills to perform a task. Methods We conducted a scoping review to map and better understand what learning interventions and training methods have been used in different types of health emergencies and by whom. Studies were identified using six databases (Pubmed/Medline, Embase, Hinari, WorldCat, CABI and Web of Science) and by consulting with experts. Characteristics of studies were mapped and displayed and major topic areas were identified. Results Of the 319 records that were included, contexts most frequently covered were COVID-19, disasters in general, Ebola and wars. Four prominent topic areas were identified: 1) Knowledge acquisition, 2) Emergency plans, 3) Impact of the learning intervention, and 4) Training methods. Much of the evidence was based on observational methods with few trials, which likely reflects the unique context of each health emergency. Evolution of methods was apparent, particularly in virtual learning. Learning during health emergencies appeared to improve knowledge, general management of the situation, quality of life of both trainers and affected population, satisfaction and clinical outcomes. Conclusion This is the first scoping review to map the evidence, which serves as a first step in developing urgently needed global guidance to further improve the quality and reach of learning interventions and training methods in this context.

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Major incident simulation in Rwanda: A report of two exercises

Cited by 5 publications

References 11 publications

Systematic review on the current state of disaster preparation Simulation Exercises (SimEx)

Systematic review on the current state of disaster preparation Simulation Exercises (SimEx)

Disparities in Access to Trauma Care in Sub-Saharan Africa: a Narrative Review

Learning interventions and training methods in health emergencies: A scoping review

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