Make arc erosion and welding tendency under 42 VDC in automotive area [electric contacts]

Doublet, L.; Jemaa, N. Ben; Hauner, F.; Jeannot, D.

doi:10.1109/holm.2003.1246492

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…These studies, however, are often focused on the low voltage (<50 V) direct current circuits [8]. Similar research were performed by Morin [16], Neuhaus [17] or Doublet [6], who independently conducted similar work for contacting materials for low voltage direct current circuits. Research related to processes of switching in circuits of medium voltage alternating current are focused on current ranges from a few to several kA [1,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Low voltage relay contact resistance change influence by short-circuit current

Książkiewicz¹,

Janiszewski²

2015

EiN

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IntroductionElectromagnetic relays are commonly used to connect circuitry with moderate values of the switching current (i. e. the medium current circuits) at a voltage not exceeding 1000 V. They are used inter alia as actuators in the building automation systems (eg. KNX, LCN, LonWorks) or in drivers and the programmable relays (Easy, NEED). They differ among themselves with a structure, purpose, and technical parameters. In regard to the contacts of connectors made of different materials, in literature, there are often presented results of research carried out as well in normal operation as in terms of specific exposures. These studies, however, are often focused on the low voltage (<50 V) direct current circuits [8]. Similar research were performed by Morin [16], Neuhaus [17] or Doublet [6], who independently conducted similar work for contacting materials for low voltage direct current circuits. Research related to processes of switching in circuits of medium voltage alternating current are focused on current ranges from a few to several kA [1,9]. A noticeable is the lack of research in the field of low-and medium current AC switches at currents close to normal and short-circuit working conditions which may occur in low voltage electrical installations, that usually do not exceed 1 kA. Within the scope of modeling simulation studies are being conducted on the heating rail and contact connections with complex shapes, configurations and utilizing a variety of conductive materials [10].Relays for connecting the receiving circuits are exposed to unfavorable processes. These phenomena may include closing overload and short-circuit currents, which may lead to shortening the life ofrelays or, in extreme cases, their total damage. The article describes the impact of switching short-circuit on the change of the contact resistance. Relays with three different contacting materials have been investigated.Contact resistance of the connector is the important performance parameter. It is important that during the utilisation of the relay this resistance reaches values as small as possible and simultaneously do not differed significantly in time. Among other things, associated with its heating the safe working load of the relay depends on its value [15]. The contact resistance value is dependent on [7,14]:shape resistance -The resultant value of contact resistance (transition) is equal to:The tarnish resistance R n is difficult to determine analytically, since it depends on multiple, sometimes random, factors including: temperature, humidity, contact material. The shape resistance R k mainly depends on the resistivity and hardness of the contact material. To its description the single-point model with elliptical, equipotential current flowlines is often used [5,7]. The actual contact area is much smaller than the apparent (nominal) surface of the contact point. This model can be considered correct, at low contact pressure forces used in relays.The value of the contact resistance is affected by the material used for the con...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Low voltage relay contact resistance change influence by short-circuit current

Książkiewicz¹,

Janiszewski²

2015

EiN

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“…The technique uses the arc voltage as the trigger for termination of the discharge at particular points. Previous studies by others have used both contact gap and arcing time as the parameters for investigation [7][8][9]. However, the physical processes that dominate the arc are closely related to the voltage across the discharge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These gaseous ions are attracted to the cathode, sputter it, and then cause erosion of the cathode surface resulting in a net transfer of material from the cathode to the anode. Often, studies into the behavior of these materials at different voltages have involved a comparison of the level of erosion on the contact surfaces [6][7][8][9][10][11]. This approach describes the end result of an opening (break) operation that gives different erosion profiles depending upon materials, opening characteristics, and circuit parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arc erosion of AgSnO2 electrical contacts at different stages of a break operation

Swingler

Sumption

2010

Rare Metals

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Arc erosion studies are conducted on AgSnO 2 contact materials at different stages in the break operation. A resistive load arrangement is used with up to 42 V DC at 24 A and a constant contact opening velocity. The arc current is terminated at different stages as the arc is drawn between the contacts enabling a study of the arcing phenomena up to that point. Surface profiling of the contacts is conducted to determine the extent of erosion at the different stages as the arc is drawn. Spectral analysis is also conducted on the arc and then related to the extent of erosion. The results show that particular features occur at different stages as the arc is drawn. As the arc is initially established, it goes through an "Arc Generation" regime where the arc roots are small and immobile on both the anode and the cathode. Material transfer occurs mainly from anode to cathode. The spectral analysis indicates that Sn and O species dominate the arc followed by the Ag species. As the arc is drawn further and enters the "Arc Degeneration" regime, the anode undergoes significantly larger erosion than the cathode. Also, both contacts indicate that multiple arc roots have formed, which are highly mobile in the later stages of the discharge. The spectral analysis indicates that Ag and N species are in high concentrations compared to other species. The mechanisms of erosion and deposition are discussed in relation to the species within the arc discharge. For the complete break operation, it is found that the anode undergoes major erosion, and it is thought that the gaseous ions species do not dominate the arc under these conditions of short arcs and voltage <42 V to cause cathode erosion.

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“…Morin et al [9] found that Ag/Ni electrical contact materials had high local materials transfer under lamp and resistive loads at 14VDC and current range from 10 to 70 A. Kawakami et al [10] discussed that the possibilities of lifetime predictions in terms of cathode losses and arc energy with the data of Ag/Ni contacts for electromagnetic contactor. Doublet et al [11] investigated the arc erosion, welding tendency and welding forces of Ag/Ni electrical contact materials under resistive load at current range from 10 to 90 A. Luo et al [12] investigated the arc erosion characteristics of Ag/Ni electrical contact materials fabricated by mechanical alloying. Liu et al [13] found that the welding resistance of Ag/10Ni was relatively bad under high arc energy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arc erosion behavior of Ag/Ni electrical contact materials

Weng³

et al. 2015

Materials & Design

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Make arc erosion and welding tendency under 42 VDC in automotive area [electric contacts]

Cited by 18 publications

References 4 publications

Low voltage relay contact resistance change influence by short-circuit current

Low voltage relay contact resistance change influence by short-circuit current

Arc erosion of AgSnO2 electrical contacts at different stages of a break operation

Arc erosion behavior of Ag/Ni electrical contact materials

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