Making the surface of nanocrystalline Ni on an Si substrate ultrasmooth by direct electrodeposition

Sansoz, Frédéric; Stevenson, Kevin D.; Govinthasamy, R.; Murthy, N. Sanjeeva

doi:10.1016/j.scriptamat.2008.02.039

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…From these images, the peak‐to‐valley distance values were estimated to be at around 20 nm over 1 µm × 1 µm areas for all films, and the root mean square (RMS) values were also found to be very low, about 2–3 nm. Such small values can be ascribed to the nanocrystalline nature of the films,33 since microcrystalline electrodeposited alloys usually exhibit much rougher surfaces, with peak‐to‐valley distances that can reach several hundreds of nanometers 34, 35. The low roughness accounts for the mirror‐bright finish of the Cu–Ni films, in contrast to the grey appearance of deposits prepared from saccharine‐free baths, which are coarse‐grained (showing 1–3 µm nodules) 26…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocrystalline Electroplated Cu–Ni: Metallic Thin Films with Enhanced Mechanical Properties and Tunable Magnetic Behavior

Pellicer

Varea

Pané

et al. 2010

Adv Funct Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nanocrystalline 3 µm thick Cu1–xNix (0.45 ≤ x ≤ 0.87) films are electrodeposited galvanostatically onto Cu/Ti/Si (100) substrates, from a citrate‐ and sulphate‐based bath containing sodium lauryl sulphate and saccharine as additives. The films exhibit large values of reduced Young's modulus (173 < Er < 192 GPa) and hardness (6.4 < H < 8.2 GPa), both of which can be tailored by varying the alloy composition. The outstanding mechanical properties of these metallic films can be ascribed to their nanocrystalline nature—as evidenced by X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy—along with the occurrence of stacking faults and the concomitant formation of intragranular nanotwins during film growth. Due to their nanocrystalline character, these films also show very low surface roughness (root mean square deviation of around 2 nm). Furthermore, tunable magnetic properties, including a transition from paramagnetic to ferromagnetic behavior, are observed when the Ni percentage is increased. This combination of properties, together with the simplicity of the fabrication method, makes this system attractive for widespread technological applications, including hard metallic coatings or magnetic micro/nano‐electromechanical devices.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocrystalline Electroplated Cu–Ni: Metallic Thin Films with Enhanced Mechanical Properties and Tunable Magnetic Behavior

Pellicer

Varea

Pané

et al. 2010

Adv Funct Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The rms surface roughness of the film was found equal to 2.32 nm ± 0.3 nm, which is significantly smaller than that in electroplated Ni films with coarse grain sizes. 47 We could not find any trace of oxide from both light optical and scanning electron microscopy inspections. The microhardness of the nanocrystalline Ni electrodeposit was found equal to 5.93 GPa ± 0.13 GPa at an applied load of ~500 mN.…”

Section: A Materials Structure and Microhardnessmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…47 The anode material was a 99.9945%-purity Ni foil. butyne-1,4-diol and 1.0 g⋅L -1 of saccharin were added to promote both grain refinement and ultra-low surface roughness.…”

Section: A Materials Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between hardness and dislocation processes in a nanocrystalline metal at the atomic scale

Sansoz

Stevenson

2011

Phys. Rev. B

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

By combining atomic force microscopy (AFM) and large-scale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we examine at comparable scales the atomistic processes governing nanohardness in electrodeposited nanocrystalline Ni with a mean grain diameter of 18.6 nm under confined contact deformation. Notably, this mean grain diameter represents the "strongest" size for Ni and other nanocrystalline materials where both crystal slip and grain boundary deformation processes are intertwined to accommodate plastic flow. Accurate hardness measurements were obtained from shallow nanoindentations, less than 10 nm in depth, using an AFM diamond tip. We show evidence that the controlling yielding mechanism in the peak of hardness as a function of penetration depth corresponds to the emission of partial dislocations from grain boundaries.However MD simulations also reveal for this grain size that the crystalline interfaces must 1 frederic.sansoz@uvm.edu; Tel: (802) 656 3837; Fax: (802) 656 1929 2 undergo significant sliding at small penetration depths in order to initiate crystal slip. The strong interplay between intergranular and intragranular deformation processes found in this model nanocrystalline metal is discussed and shown to considerably reduce the local dependence of nanohardness on initial microstructure at this scale, unlike past observations of nanoindentation in Ni electrodeposits with larger grain sizes. These new findings therefore constitute an important step forward to understanding the contribution of nanoscale grain boundary networks on permanent deformation and hardness relevant for nanoscale materials and structures.

show abstract

“…The surface topology is not smooth, rather a discontinuous grain structure was observed which was not detected in AFM topography images using a standard commercial probe. The fine details of the grain structure of metal films can be resolved with ultrasharp probes . As a further processing step, we annealed several samples of Ni nanorings at temperatures ranging from 50 to 300 °C; however, the shapes of the nanorings were not retained after the heating step.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nickel Nanofilms Electrolessly Deposited on Organosilane Nanorings and Characterized by Contact Mode AFM Combined with Magnetic Sample Modulation

Arachchige

Chambers

Taylor

et al. 2019

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Surface structures of magnetic nanorings were made using electroless deposition of Ni onto patterned templates of an amine-functionalized organosilane. Samples were prepared by chemical approaches based on colloidal lithography employing a surface mask of size-sorted, monodisperse silica spheres. Surface changes were evaluated after key points of the reactions using imaging modes of atomic force microscopy (AFM). Nanopatterns of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) were prepared on Si(111) by applying a heated vapor to a surface mask of silica spheres. After rinsing, the particle mask was removed to reveal ring-shaped nanopatterns presenting amine groups at the interface. Organosilane nanopatterns were then immersed in a solution of Pd catalyst followed by treatment in a Ni plating bath. Changes in surface morphology after each reaction step were characterized ex situ using tapping-mode AFM to follow the time course of nanofabrication. Images of the Ni nanorings acquired with AFM were compared with SEM micrographs to further elucidate the morphology of the metal coatings. The magnetic character of the nanostructures was investigated with magnetic sample modulation (MSM-AFM), which is a hybrid of contact mode AFM combined with magnetic actuation of samples. Surface maps of the vibration of diamagnetic Pd and magnetic Ni nanorings were obtained with MSM-AFM, providing insight on processes of electroless plating. Fine details of the surface corrugation and grain structure of the Ni coated areas of the sample detected with SEM were sensitively resolved with MSM-AFM that were not apparent in AFM topography frames. Chemistry-based steps with electroless deposition (ELD) of metal and colloidal lithography provide a practical route for reproducible nanofabrication of highly regular geometries with high-throughput.

show abstract

Making the surface of nanocrystalline Ni on an Si substrate ultrasmooth by direct electrodeposition

Cited by 17 publications

References 20 publications

Nanocrystalline Electroplated Cu–Ni: Metallic Thin Films with Enhanced Mechanical Properties and Tunable Magnetic Behavior

Nanocrystalline Electroplated Cu–Ni: Metallic Thin Films with Enhanced Mechanical Properties and Tunable Magnetic Behavior

Relationship between hardness and dislocation processes in a nanocrystalline metal at the atomic scale

Nickel Nanofilms Electrolessly Deposited on Organosilane Nanorings and Characterized by Contact Mode AFM Combined with Magnetic Sample Modulation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About