Making tubes in the <i>Drosophila</i> embryo

Myat, Monn Monn

doi:10.1002/dvdy.20293

Cited by 37 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 128 publications

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“…Drosophila tracheas develop from clusters of ectodermal cells that invaginate and elongate to form primary tubes. Then other branches form and develop anastomoses, forming a network inside the body (Ghabrial et al, 2003;Myat, 2005). As in vertebrate angiogenesis, guidance of tracheal sprouts is mediated by tip cell filopodia, and the protein Branchless, a homolog of vertebrate FGF, plays a role resembling that of VEGF in vascular formation in vertebrates (Gerhardt and Betsholtz, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tubular sprouting as a mode of vascular formation in a colonial ascidian (tunicata)

Gasparini

Longo

Manni

et al. 2007

Developmental Dynamics

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tubular sprouting as a mode of vascular formation in a colonial ascidian (tunicata)

Gasparini

Longo

Manni

et al. 2007

Developmental Dynamics

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“…During germ band extension, the Drosophila proctodeal primordium, which includes the future hindgut epithelium, is internalized, and as the germ band retracts, the hindgut differentiates into the small and large intestines and elongates (Lengyel and Iwaki, 2002;Myat, 2005) (Fig. 3A,B).…”

Section: Drosophila Hindgut Elongationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4C). Several genes necessary for this elongation have been identified (reviewed by Myat, 2005), but the underlying cell behaviors driving the intercalation, and their regulation, remain unknown. Is intercalation in this system regulated by one of the pathways important in other systems, or by yet another one?…”

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confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of elongation in embryogenesis

2006

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DEVELOPMENT 2291Here, I discuss selected examples of elongation in embryogenesis to identify common and unique mechanisms, useful questions for further work, and new systems that offer opportunities for answering these questions. Fiber-wound, hydraulic mechanisms of elongation highlight the importance of biomechanical linkages of otherwise unrelated cellular behaviors during elongation. Little-studied examples of elongation by cell intercalation offer opportunities to study new aspects of this mode of elongation. Elongation by oriented cell division highlights the problem of mitotic spindle orientation and the maintenance of cell-packing patterns in anisotropic force environments. The balance of internal celladhesion and external traction forces emerges as a key issue in the formation of elongate structures from compact ones by directed migration. IntroductionThe elongation of tissues plays a major role in embryogenesis and organogenesis. Well-known examples include convergent extension movements that are driven by cell intercalation during vertebrate gastrulation, in the ascidian notochord, during Drosophila germ band extension, and during echinoderm gut elongation (Keller, 2002). However, most work has focused on the early development of a few systems, and convergent extension is only one mechanism of elongation. Here, other mechanisms of elongation, and less wellknown examples of convergent extension by cell intercalation that are instructive and have not received adequate attention, are discussed with the goal of identifying important, unexplored questions. The major conclusions are that specific outcomes of morphogenesis emerge from the global biomechanical integration of local, cellular force-generating processes. This integration follows the mechanical principles that are built in to each particular type of morphogenic machine. The challenge ahead is to integrate genetic and molecular manipulations with cell biological and biomechanical analyses to learn how genes encode the forces, and the cell and tissue material properties (Koehl, 1990) that transmit these forces, to generate the organized patterns essential for the heritable reproduction of form. Fiber-wound, hydraulic systemsFiber-wound, hydraulic systems either maintain their shape or change it as a function of two interacting components: an external winding of restraining, tension-resisting fibers and an internal compression-resisting fluid under pressure (Koehl et al., 2000). The geometry of the fiber-windings determines the morphological changes that occur when the internal pressure is increased. Two examples will be discussed here. The first is the vertebrate notochord, in which a swelling of vacuoles increases the pressure, and the mechanical output is determined by the angle of orientation of extracellular matrix (ECM) fibrils. The second is the nematode embryo, in which the fiber-windings themselves contract to cause an increase in pressure. Elongation and straightening of the notochordAfter participating in convergent extension during gastru...

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“…Each gland comprises a single layer of epithelial cells surrounding a central lumen. The gland lumen is formed during the process of invagination when primordial cells invaginate from the ventral surface of the embryo (Myat, 2005). Once internalized, gland cells undergo a phase of robust apical membrane growth that is regulated by the transcription factors Hairy, Huckebein (Hkb) and Ribbon, the apical membrane protein Crumbs, and a microtubule motor encoded by the klarsicht gene Myat and Andrew, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pak1 control of E-cadherin endocytosis regulates salivary gland lumen size and shape

2010

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SUMMARYGenerating and maintaining proper lumen size and shape in tubular organs is essential for organ function. Here, we demonstrate a novel role for p21-activated kinase 1 (Pak1) in defining the size and shape of the Drosophila embryonic salivary gland lumen by regulating the size and elongation of the apical domain of individual cells. Pak1 mediates these effects by decreasing and increasing E-cadherin levels at the adherens junctions and basolateral membrane, respectively, through Rab5-and Dynamindependent endocytosis. We also demonstrate that Cdc42 and Merlin act together with Pak1 to control lumen size. A role for Pak1 in E-cadherin endocytosis is supported by our studies of constitutively active Pak1, which induces the formation of multiple intercellular lumens in the salivary gland in a manner dependent on Rab5, Dynamin and Merlin. These studies demonstrate a novel and crucial role for Pak1 and E-cadherin endocytosis in determining lumen size and shape, and also identify a mechanism for multiple lumen formation, a poorly understood process that occurs in normal embryonic development and pathological conditions.

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Making tubes in the Drosophila embryo

Cited by 37 publications

References 128 publications

Tubular sprouting as a mode of vascular formation in a colonial ascidian (tunicata)

Tubular sprouting as a mode of vascular formation in a colonial ascidian (tunicata)

Mechanisms of elongation in embryogenesis

Pak1 control of E-cadherin endocytosis regulates salivary gland lumen size and shape

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