Mal Nutrición por Exceso en Escolares

P, Jacqueline Ibarra; R, Mari Alarcón

doi:10.4067/s0370-41062010000600004

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“…Existe evidencia suficiente respecto a que actividades de intervención en educación y salud realizadas en niños y adolescentes en el ámbito escolar, permiten mejorar o incorporar algunas conductas saludables, en especial, si en estas actividades han participado otros agentes de formación de hábitos en estos menores, como son su familia o docentes (16)(17)(18). Sin embargo, entre las conductas saludables, la alimentación en las escuelas no se caracteriza por ser cualitativa y cuantitativamente equilibrada para cubrir las necesidades nutricionales de los niños y adolescentes, surgiendo la inquietud del rol que presentan las escuelas y otras entidades en la formación de hábitos alimentarios saludables (19)(20)(21)(22)(23).…”

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Alimentación saludable en la formación de estudiantes de carreras del área pedagógica

Doepking

2013

Rev. chil. nutr.

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INTRODUCCIÓNLa presencia de malnutrición por exceso es uno de los problemas de salud pública que presenta la población infantil y juvenil, situación que se produce en números países y que es identificada por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. La presencia de estas patologías puede relacionarse con condiciones fetales, aspectos dietéticos, sedentarismo, características socioeconómicas y/o nivel educacional de la población de diversos grupos etarios (1-3).En los últimos años, se han concentrado esfuerzos en mejorar la calidad de vida y salud de menores en edad escolar a través de diversos programas, especialmente de educación, destinados a formar o reforzar hábitos saludables de alimentación y de vida en esta población. Si bien, estos proyectos presentan logros positivos, tienden a no mantenerse en el tiempo o ser muy locales, por lo que la obesidad y sobrepeso Rev ABSTRACT Malnutrition by excess presented in the child-young population must be treated by a multidisciplinary team in which doctors, family and school, but specially teachers should play an essential role. Regarding this situation, student teachers need to acquire knowledge about healthy diet concepts during their training period in order to achieve this role. The aim of this research was to interpret the importance that students training to become teachers give to a healthy diet. For this purpose, a qualitative, phenomenological research was carried out with a sample consisting of 40 university students from different areas related to teaching. The data was collected using a semistructured interview and the answers were analyzed with the content analysis methodology. The results showed that student teachers think it is necessary to have a healthy diet during their training period. However, this is not followed due to different circumstances. Student teachers who will work with elementary school children expressed that their study programs should include elective subjects related with healthy diet habits. This situation is not equally perceived by student teachers who will work with teenagers. They believe these contents are for selfcare. It is concluded that student teachers who will work with teenagers do not perceive they play an education role concerning healthy diet habits. They do not consider the elective subjects related to healthy diet habits useful for preventing malnutrition by excess among children and teenagers.crece en forma exponencial en estos niños (4-7).Entre los agentes sociales que se identifican en la formación de conductas de vida sana en niños y adolescentes están la familia, en especial la imagen materna y la escuela. En esta última, los docentes juegan un papel preponderante en la entrega de conocimientos y conductas de vida saludable. Sin embargo, se ha identificado que la información que reciben los estudiantes del área de pedagogía en su formación curricular es en ocasiones insuficiente para modificar hábitos de vida como los alimentarios (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13).Frente a este escenario, existen políticas públicas orientadas ...

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Alimentación saludable en la formación de estudiantes de carreras del área pedagógica

Doepking

2013

Rev. chil. nutr.

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How effective are interventions at reducing socioeconomic inequalities in obesity among children and adults? Two systematic reviews

Bambra

Hillier

Cairns

et al. 2015

Public Health Research

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BackgroundTackling obesity is one of the major contemporary public health policy challenges and is vital in terms of addressing health inequalities.ObjectivesTo systematically review the effectiveness of interventions (individual, community and societal) in reducing socioeconomic inequalities in obesity among (1) children aged 0–18 years (including prenatal) and (2) adults aged ≥18 years, in any setting, in any country, and (3) to establish how such interventions are organised, implemented and delivered.Data sourcesNine electronic databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO and NHS Economic Evaluation Database were searched from database start date to 10 October 2011 (child review) and to 11 October 2012 (adult review). We did not exclude papers on the basis of language, country or publication date. We supplemented these searches with website and grey literature searches.Review methodsPreferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Experimental studies and observational studies with a duration of at least 12 weeks were included. The reviews considered strategies that might reduce existing inequalities in the prevalence of obesity [i.e. effective targeted interventions or universal interventions that work more effectively in low socioeconomic status (SES) groups] as well as those interventions that might prevent the development of inequalities in obesity (i.e. universal interventions that work equally along the SES gradient). Interventions that involved drugs or surgery and laboratory-based studies were excluded from the reviews. The initial screening of titles and abstracts was conducted by one reviewer with a random 10% of the sample checked by a second reviewer. Data extraction was conducted by one reviewer and independently checked by a second reviewer. The methodological quality of the included studies was appraised independently by two reviewers. Meta-analysis and narrative synthesis were conducted focusing on the ‘best-available’ evidence for each intervention type (defined in terms of study design and quality).ResultsOf 56,967 papers of inequalities in obesity in children, 76 studies (85 papers) were included, and of 70,730 papers of inequalities in obesity in adults, 103 studies (103 papers) were included. These studies suggested that interventions that aim to prevent, reduce or manage obesity do not increase inequalities. For children, there was most evidence of effectiveness for targeted school-delivered, environmental and empowerment interventions. For adults, there was most evidence of effectiveness for primary care-delivered tailored weight loss and community-based weight loss interventions, at least in the short term among low-income women. There were few studies of appropriate design that could be included on societal-level interventions, a clear limitation of the evidence base found.LimitationsThe reviews located few evaluations of societal-level interventions and this was probably because they included only experimental study designs. The quality assessment tool, although described as a tool for public health interventions, seemed to favour those that followed a more clinical model. The implementation tool was practical but enabled only a brief summary of implementation factors to be made. Most of the studies synthesised in the reviews were from outside the UK and related to women.ConclusionsThe reviews have found some evidence of interventions with the potential to reduce SES inequalities in obesity and that obesity management interventions do not increase health inequalities. More experimental studies of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of interventions (particularly at the societal level) to reduce inequalities in obesity, particularly among adolescents and adult men in the UK, are needed.Study registrationThe studies are registered as PROSPERO CRD42011001740 and CRD42013003612.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Public Health Research programme.

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Mal Nutrición por Exceso en Escolares

Cited by 2 publications

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Alimentación saludable en la formación de estudiantes de carreras del área pedagógica

Alimentación saludable en la formación de estudiantes de carreras del área pedagógica

How effective are interventions at reducing socioeconomic inequalities in obesity among children and adults? Two systematic reviews

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