Malaria in Highlands of Ecuador since 1900

Pinault, Lauren; Hunter, Fiona F.

doi:10.3201/eid1804.111267

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Machala has a long history of operational mosquito control and surveillance due to high dengue incidence relative to surrounding areas, making it an ideal setting to study delivery systems of vector control services. Formerly, fumigation and control services were deployed from decentralized medical subcenters located throughout Machala as a part of the National Service for the Control of Vector-borne Diseases (in Spanish: Servicio Nacional de Control de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Vectores Artrópodos-SNEM), a vertically structured vector-borne disease eradication program in the Ministry of Health (MoH) [24]. In 2015, SNEM was disbanded and public health surveillance and mosquito control in Machala became decentralized and administered by the local MoH health districts, with two centrally located hubs from which abatement services are deployed ( Fig.…”

Section: Vector Control and Mosquito-borne Diseases In Ecuadormentioning

confidence: 99%

A network analysis framework to improve the delivery of mosquito abatement services in Machala, Ecuador

et al. 2020

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Background: Vector-borne disease places a high health and economic burden in the American tropics. Comprehensive vector control programs remain the primary method of containing local outbreaks. With limited resources, many vector control operations struggle to serve all affected communities within their districts. In the coastal city of Machala, Ecuador, vector control services, such as application of larvicides and truck-mounted fogging, are delivered through two deployment facilities managed by the Ecuadorian Ministry of Health. Public health professionals in Machala face several logistical issues when delivering mosquito abatement services, namely applying limited resources in ways that will most effectively suppress vectors of malaria, dengue, and encephalitis viruses.Methods: Using a transportation network analysis framework, we built models of service areas and optimized delivery routes based on distance costs associated with accessing neighborhoods throughout the city. Optimized routes were used to estimate the relative cost of accessing neighborhoods for mosquito control services in Machala, creating a visual tool to guide decision makers and maximize mosquito control program efficiency. Location-allocation analyses were performed to evaluate efficiency gains of moving service deployment to other available locations with respect to distance to service hub, neighborhood population, dengue incidence, and housing condition.Results: Using this framework, we identified different locations for targeting mosquito control efforts, dependent upon management goals and specified risk factors of interest, including human population, housing condition, and reported dengue incidence. Our models indicate that neighborhoods on the periphery of Machala with the poorest housing conditions are the most costly to access. Optimal locations of facilities for deployment of control services change depending on pre-determined management priorities, increasing the population served via inexpensive routes up to 34.9%, and reducing overall cost of accessing neighborhoods up to 12.7%. Conclusions:Our transportation network models indicate that current locations of mosquito control facilities in Machala are not ideal for minimizing driving distances or maximizing populations served. Services may be optimized by moving vector control operations to other existing public health facilities in Machala. This work represents a first step in creating a spatial tool for planning and critically evaluating the systematic delivery of mosquito control services in Machala and elsewhere.

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Section: Vector Control and Mosquito-borne Diseases In Ecuadormentioning

confidence: 99%

A network analysis framework to improve the delivery of mosquito abatement services in Machala, Ecuador

et al. 2020

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“…Jatinangor area is a highland area which the lowest point is 675 meter and the highest point is 1281 meter above the sea level. The previous study from Pinault and Hunter 13 showed that Anopheles spp. found in a highland area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Mosquito Survey in the Campus Area of Universitas Padjadjaran Jatinangor in September to November 2016

Faridah

Baizura

Yusnita

2017

GMHC

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Sumedang regency reported being one of dengue endemic areas in West Java. The number of dengue fever patients in Sumedang District General Hospital increased in the last quarter of 2015. Universitas Padjadjaran (Unpad) is one of most significant areas in Jatinangor Sumedang where many people are doing their activity day and night. The purpose of the study was to identify what types of mosquito genera exist in Unpad campus according to the time and location. A field survey was conducted at 22 locations in Unpad campus using modified electric light trap placed indoor and outdoor at each site from September to November 2016. The modified electrical trap was turned on for 24 hours and samples collected every 12 hours. Mosquitoes trapped were put into the plastic cup, labeled according to time collected, and brought to Parasitology Laboratory of Unpad for identification. The study result identified four types of mosquito genera which were Culex spp. (405), Armigeres spp. (70), Aedes spp. (33), and Anopheles spp. (10). Prevention toward potential breeding sites and protection using window net should be considered to reduce the risk of vector-borne diseases. In conclusion, Aedes spp. is the most active mosquito during the day while Culex spp. and Armigeres spp. are the most active mosquito during the night.

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“…The copyright holder for this preprint this version posted October 18, 2019. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/19009498 doi: medRxiv preprint Enfermedades Transmitidas por Vectores Artrópodos -SNEM), a vertically structured vectorborne disease eradication program in the Ministry of Health (MoH) [24]. In 2015, SNEM was disbanded and public health surveillance and mosquito control in Machala became decentralized and administered by the local MoH health districts, with two centrally located hubs from which abatement services are deployed (Fig.…”

Section: (Which Wasmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Network Analysis Framework to Improve the Delivery of Mosquito Abatement Services in Machala, Ecuador

Lippi

Mao

Stewart-Ibarra

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background: Vector-borne disease places a high health and economic burden in the American tropics. Comprehensive vector control programs remain the primary method of containing local outbreaks. With limited resources, many vector control operations struggle to serve all affected communities within their districts. In the coastal city of Machala, Ecuador, vector control services, such as application of larvicides and truck-mounted fogging, are delivered through two deployment facilities managed by the Ecuadorian Ministry of Health. Public health professionals in Machala face several logistical issues when delivering mosquito abatement services, namely applying limited resources in ways that will most effectively suppress vectors of malaria, dengue, and encephalitis viruses. Methods: Using a transportation network analysis framework, we built models of service areas and optimized delivery routes based on distance costs associated with accessing neighborhoods throughout the city. Optimized routes were used to estimate the relative cost of accessing neighborhoods for mosquito control services in Machala, creating a visual tool to guide decision makers and maximize mosquito control program efficiency. Location-allocation analyses were performed to evaluate efficiency gains of moving service deployment to other available locations with respect to distance to service hub, neighborhood population, dengue incidence, and housing condition. Results: Using this framework, we identified different locations for targeting mosquito control efforts, dependent upon management goals and specified risk factors of interest, including human population, housing condition, and reported dengue incidence. Our models indicate that neighborhoods on the periphery of Machala with the poorest housing conditions are the most costly to access. Optimal locations of facilities for deployment of control services change depending on pre-determined management priorities, increasing the population served via inexpensive routes up to 34.9%, and reducing overall cost of accessing neighborhoods up to 12.7%. Conclusions: Our transportation network models indicate that current locations of mosquito control facilities in Machala are not ideal for minimizing driving distances or maximizing populations served. Services may be optimized by moving vector control operations to other existing public health facilities in Machala. This work represents a first step in creating a spatial tool for planning and critically evaluating the systematic delivery of mosquito control services in Machala and elsewhere.

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Malaria in Highlands of Ecuador since 1900

Abstract: Eliminated after 1950, malaria may be reemerging in a new region.

Cited by 12 publications

References 17 publications

A network analysis framework to improve the delivery of mosquito abatement services in Machala, Ecuador

A network analysis framework to improve the delivery of mosquito abatement services in Machala, Ecuador

Mosquito Survey in the Campus Area of Universitas Padjadjaran Jatinangor in September to November 2016

A Network Analysis Framework to Improve the Delivery of Mosquito Abatement Services in Machala, Ecuador

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