Malaria, Typhoid Fever, and Their Coinfection among Febrile Patients at a Rural Health Center in Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Birhanie, Meseret; Tessema, Belay; Ferede, Getachew; Endris, Mengistu; Enawgaw, Bamlaku

doi:10.1155/2014/531074

Cited by 45 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…However, the sero-prevalence of Rickettsia infection in this study was lower than the one reported from other parts of Ethiopia [ 19 , 28 ], but higher than the findings of the studies by Tadesse and Tadesse [ 18 ] and Birhane et al [ 29 ]. The variation might be linked to the type of environment in the study area.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 90%

Community-based prevalence of typhoid fever, typhus, brucellosis and malaria among symptomatic individuals in Afar Region, Ethiopia

et al. 2018

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BackgroundIn sub-Saharan Africa, where there is the scarcity of proper diagnostic tools, febrile illness related symptoms are often misdiagnosed as malaria. Information on causative agents of febrile illness related symptoms among pastoral communities in Ethiopia have rarely been described.MethodsIn this a community based cross-sectional survey, we assessed the prevalence of typhoid fever, typhus, brucellosis and malaria among individuals with a set of given symptoms in Amibara district, Afar Region, Ethiopia. Blood samples were collected from 650 study participants, and examined by Widal and Weilfelix direct card agglutination test (DCAT) as well as test tube based titration test for Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi (S. Typhi) and Rickettsia infections. Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and Complement Fixation Test (CFT) were used to screen Brucella infection. Thin and thick blood smears were used to diagnosis malaria.ResultsOut of 630 sera screened by DCAT, 83 (13.2%) were reactive to H and/or O antigens for S. Typhi infection. Among these, 46 (55.4%) were reactive by the titration test at the cut off value ≥ 1:80. The combined sero-prevalence for S. Typhi by the two tests was 7.3% (46/630). The seroprevalence for Rickettsia infection was 26.2% (165/630) by DCAT and 53.3% (88/165) by the titration test at the cut off value ≥ 1:80. The combined sero-prevalence for Rickettsia infection by the two tests was 14.0% (88/630). The sero-prevalence for Brucella infection was 12.7% (80/630) by RBPT, of which 28/80 (35%) were positive by CFT. The combined sero-prevalence for Brucella infection by the two tests was 4.4% (28/630). Out 650 suspected individuals for malaria, 16 (2.5%) were found positive for P. falciparum infection.ConclusionIn this study, typhoid fever, typhus, brucellosis and malaria were observed among symptomatic individuals. The study also highlighted that brucellosis cases can be misdiagnosed as malaria or other disease based solely on clinical diagnosis. Therefore, efforts are needed to improve disease awareness and laboratory services for the diagnosis of brucellosis and other zoonotic diseases to identify other causes of febrile illness in this pastoral setting.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 90%

Community-based prevalence of typhoid fever, typhus, brucellosis and malaria among symptomatic individuals in Afar Region, Ethiopia

et al. 2018

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“…Any association was not found between male and female concerning "typhomalaria (p = 0.46). However, the "typhomalaria" prevalence was higher in women, according with one study in Ethiopia [11]. Thus, The major limitation of this study was the use of SDWF only for the TF diagnosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…In Ethiopia, 6.5% of prevalence was reported [11] and 5% to 40% in Nigeria [10,12,13]. In Burkina Faso, to our best knowledge, no data on "typhomalaria" was published.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria and Typhoid Fever Coinfection in the Hospital University of Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

Sangaré

Yacouba

Wenceslas

et al. 2019

JPAR

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Malaria and typhoid fever are two endemic infectious diseases in developing tropical countries including Burkina Faso. There are two distinct infectious diseases with many similar clinical signs. In each sanitary area, it is important to describe the "typhomalaria" epidemiology to elaborate adequate diagnosis algorithm and efficient treatment protocol. A cross-sectional study was carried out from July to October 2014 in the lab department of University Hospital Souro SANOU, Bobo-Dioulasso. All microscopy positive malaria during the study period was included. Serodiagnosis of Widal and Felix was performed systematically in all Plasmodium spmalaria cases. Titers of antibodies anti-agglutinin O equal or higher than 1/400 and/or 1/800 for anti-agglutinin H antibodies were considered positive for Salmonella sp. A total of 283 malaria cases were included in this study, majority falciparum malaria. In this malaria cases, 91 patients were seropositive for Salmonella sp. "Typhomalaria" co-infection prevalence was 34.3% (CI 95% (28.8%; 40.1%)). The patient with the normal hemoglobin rate had the highest prevalence of co-infection (46.7% versus 30.9; p=0.02). Malaria and typhoid fever co-infection was high (approximately 1/3 of malaria cases) in University hospital of Bobo-Dioulasso. This study revealed the need to explore typhoid fever in malaria confirmed cases, especially in persistent fevers and non-anemic situation despite adapting antimalarial treatment.

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“…A study from Ethiopia reported coinfection rate of 6.5% using Widal test and 0.5% with blood culture, which is in accordance to our study. 9 However, in a recent report from Nigeria, a co-infection rate of 28% was reported using the same set of tests for typhoid and malaria which could be attributed to higher endemicity of malaria in this region. 10 These findings suggest that the diagnosis of typhoid fever presents a greater diagnostic dilemma in comparison to malaria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Incidence of Co-infection of Malaria and Typhoid and their Diagnostic Dilemmas

Vats¹,

Anand²

2018

RAPL

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Background: This study was carried out to know the incidence of co-existence of typhoid and malaria in western part of Uttar Pradesh. Both these infections are common febrile illnesses prevalent in tropical countries including India. Materials and Methods:A total of 300 blood samples were collected from the patients presenting with fever for more than one week. Diagnosis of typhoid was carried out using Widal test and blood culture and for diagnosis of malaria blood film examination was done.Results: Out of total 300 patients, 31 (10.3%) were positive for malarial parasite and 82 (27.3%) were positive for typhoid by Widal test while 12 (4%) were positive for typhoid by blood culture. Rate of co-infection was found out to be 21 (6.7%) with Widal test and 3 (1%) with blood culture. Conclusion:As there is paucity of data on co-infection of malaria and typhoid from this part of country, this study was carried out to know their prevalence. As both these illnesses present with same clinical features, the clinicians must look for co-existence of these infections. Hence, to facilitate the diagnosis and treatment more such studies must be carried out from different parts of the country.

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Malaria, Typhoid Fever, and Their Coinfection among Febrile Patients at a Rural Health Center in Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Cited by 45 publications

References 12 publications

Community-based prevalence of typhoid fever, typhus, brucellosis and malaria among symptomatic individuals in Afar Region, Ethiopia

Community-based prevalence of typhoid fever, typhus, brucellosis and malaria among symptomatic individuals in Afar Region, Ethiopia

Malaria and Typhoid Fever Coinfection in the Hospital University of Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

Incidence of Co-infection of Malaria and Typhoid and their Diagnostic Dilemmas

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