Malassezia spp. Yeasts of Emerging Concern in Fungemia

Rhimi, Wafa; Theelen, Bart; Boekhout, Teun; Otranto, Domenico; Cafarchia, Claudia

doi:10.3389/fcimb.2020.00370

Cited by 74 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 135 publications

(243 reference statements)

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“…As the standard culture media in most clinics do not include lipid supplementation, the role of Malassezia in BSIs is likely underestimated (Rhimi et al . 2020 ; Chen et al . 2020 ; Theelen et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative analysis ofMalassezia furfurmitogenomes and the development of a mitochondria-based typing approach

Theelen

Christinaki

Dawson

et al. 2021

FEMS Yeast Research

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Malassezia furfur is a yeast species belonging to Malasseziomycetes, Ustilaginomycotina, Basidiomycota that is found on healthy warm-blooded animal skin, but also involved in various skin disorders like seborrheic dermatitis/dandruff and pityriasis versicolor. Moreover, Malassezia are associated with bloodstream infections, Crohn's disease, and pancreatic carcinoma. Recent advances in Malassezia genomics and genetics have focused on the nuclear genome. In this work we present the M. furfur mitochondrial genetic heterogenicity with full analysis of 14 novel and six available M. furfur mt genomes. The mitogenome analysis reveals a mt gene content typical for fungi, including identification of variable mt regions suitable for intra-species discrimination. Three of them, namely the trnK-atp6 and cox3-nad3 intergenic regions and intron 2 of the cob gene, were selected for primer design to identify strain differences. M. furfur strains belonging to known genetic variable clusters, based on AFLP and nuclear loci, were assessed for their mt variation using PCR amplification and sequencing. The results suggest that these mt regions are excellent molecular markers for the typing of M. furfur strains and may provide added value to nuclear regions when assessing evolutionary relationships at the intraspecies level.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2018 ; Saunte, Gaitanis and Hay 2020 ), and is the most frequently observed causative species (Rhimi et al . 2020 ) in Malassezia BSI. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analyses indicated that the species is genetically heterogenous and implies the presence of multiple physiologically diverse strains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis ofMalassezia furfurmitogenomes and the development of a mitochondria-based typing approach

Theelen

Christinaki

Dawson

et al. 2021

FEMS Yeast Research

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“…Under certain circumstances (e.g., increased humidity and temperature), these yeasts cause common human skin diseases, including pityriasis versicolor, seborrheic dermatitis and folliculitis [2]. They can also cause severe bloodstream infections in neonates or immunocompromised patients hospitalized in intensive care with lipidic parenteral nutrition [3][4][5][6]. Their role in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis was also reported [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MalaSelect: A Selective Culture Medium for Malassezia Species

Abdillah

Ranque

2021

JoF

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Malassezia species are fastidious and slow-growing yeasts in which isolation from polymicrobial samples is hampered by fast-growing microorganisms. Malassezia selective culture media are needed. Although cycloheximide is often used, some fungi, including the chief human commensal Candida albicans, are resistant to this compound. This study aimed to test whether the macrolide rapamycin could be used in combination with cycloheximide to develop a Malassezia-selective culture medium. Rapamycin susceptibility testing was performed via microdilution assays in modified Dixon against two M. furfur and five Candida spp. The MIC was the lowest concentration that reduced growth by a minimum of 90%. Rapamycin ± cycloheximide 500 mg/L was also added to FastFung solid, and yeast suspensions were inoculated and incubated for 72 h. Rapamycin MICs for Candida spp. ranged from 0.5 to 2 mg/L, except for C. krusei, for which the MIC was > 32 mg/L. M. furfur stains were rapamycin-resistant. Rapamycin and cycloheximide supplementation of the FastFung medium effectively inhibited the growth of non-Malassezia yeast, including cycloheximide-resistant C. albicans and C. tropicalis. Based on our findings, this “MalaSelect” medium should be further evaluated on polymicrobial samples for Malassezia isolation and culture.

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“…Malassezia are basidiomycetous yeasts that are the dominant fungal component of the healthy human skin microbiome (1,2). Nevertheless, they can also take on pathogenic roles in various skin disorders, and have been implicated in cases of infection associated with several comorbidities (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12). Non-culture based sequencing methods revealed Malassezia presence in other ecological niches, including insects, nematodes, corals, sponges, deep-sea environments, and soils (13)(14)(15), suggesting that Malassezia are ecologically diverse.…”

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confidence: 99%

Multiple hybridization events punctuate the evolutionary trajectory of Malassezia furfur

Theelen¹,

Mixão

Ianiri

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Malassezia species are important fungal skin commensals and are part of the normal microbiota of humans and other animals. However, under certain circumstances these fungi can also display a pathogenic behaviour. For example, Malassezia furfur is a common commensal of human skin, and yet is often responsible for skin disorders but also systemic infections. Comparative genomics analysis of M. furfur revealed that some isolates have a hybrid origin, similar to several other recently described hybrid fungal pathogens. Because hybrid species exhibit genomic plasticity that can impact phenotypes, we sought to elucidate the genomic evolution and phenotypic characteristics of M. furfur hybrids in comparison to their parental lineages. To this end, we performed a comparative genomics analysis between hybrid strains and their presumptive parental lineages, and assessed phenotypic characteristics. Our results provide evidence that at least two distinct hybridization events occurred between the same parental lineages, and that the parental strains may have originally been hybrids themselves. Analysis of the mating-type locus reveals that M. furfur has a pseudobipolar mating system, and provides evidence that hybridization involved sexual liaisons resulting in cell-cell fusion leading to a diploid/aneuploid state. This study provides new insights into the evolutionary trajectory of M. furfur and contributes valuable genomic resources for future pathogenicity studies.ImportanceMalassezia furfur is a common commensal member of human/animal microbiota that is also associated with several pathogenic states. Recent studies report involvement of Malassezia species in Crohn’s disease, a type of inflammatory bowel disease, pancreatic cancer progression, and exacerbation of Cystic fibrosis. A recent genomics analysis of M. furfur revealed the existence of hybrid isolates and identified their putative parental lineages. In this study, we explored the genomic and phenotypic features of these hybrids in comparison to their putative parental lineages. Our results revealed the existence of a pseudobipolar mating system in this species and showed evidence for the occurrence of multiple hybridization events in the evolutionary trajectory of M. furfur. These findings significantly advance our understanding of the evolution of this commensal microbe and are relevant for future studies exploring the role of hybridization in the adaptation to new niches or environments, including the emergence of pathogenicity.

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Malassezia spp. Yeasts of Emerging Concern in Fungemia

Cited by 74 publications

References 135 publications

Comparative analysis ofMalassezia furfurmitogenomes and the development of a mitochondria-based typing approach

Comparative analysis ofMalassezia furfurmitogenomes and the development of a mitochondria-based typing approach

MalaSelect: A Selective Culture Medium for Malassezia Species

Multiple hybridization events punctuate the evolutionary trajectory of Malassezia furfur

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