Malate Compartmentation-Responses to a Complex Metabolism

Martinoia, Enrico; Rentsch, Doris

doi:10.1146/annurev.pp.45.060194.002311

Cited by 206 publications

(157 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Therefore, high D-malate can be considered as the most prominent parameter indicating CAM induction. However, in some C 3 plants malate concentrations might be also changed under a variety of physical, chemical and biotic stresses (Martinoia and Rentsch 1994;Lance and Rustin 1984;Schwachtje and Baldwin 2008). In M. crystallinum plant, changes in diurnal malate fluctuations contribute to resistance to abiotic stress factors, including salinity, drought, high light intensity, low temperature and anoxia (Taybi et al 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this context primary metabolism that provides building blocks and energy for the biosynthesis of defense compounds was not studied very extensively. On the basis of fluctuations in the malate concentration and changes in activities of malate-transforming enzymes upon stress conditions, it is suggested that malate metabolism plays an important function in plant defense (Martinoia and Rentsch 1994). Malate is present in all cell types and can be accumulated to level as high as 350 mM and it exhibits multiplicity of functions as an essential carbon storage molecule, an intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, pH regulator, compound controlling efficiency of nutrient uptake and involved in stomatal movement (Fernie and Martinoia 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pathogen-induced changes in malate content and NADP-dependent malic enzyme activity in C3 or CAM performing Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. plants

et al. 2012

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Changes in malate concentration and activity of NADP-dependent malic enzyme were observed as the effect of Botrytis cinerea infection of C 3 or CAM-performing Mesembryanthemum crystallinum plants. Biotic stress applied on C 3 plants led to increase in malate concentration during the night and in consequence it led to increase in D-malate (day/night fluctuations) in infected leaves on the 2nd day post infection (dpi). It corresponded with induction of additional isoform of NADP-malic enzyme (NADP-ME3). On the contrary, CAM-performing M. crystallinum plants exhibited decrease in malate concentration and decay in its diurnal fluctuations as a reaction to B. cinerea infection. This correlated with significant decrease in activities of NADP-malic enzyme isoforms on the 2nd dpi as well as no fluctuations in their activities on the 9th dpi. Presented results point out to differences between C 3 and CAM plants in the direction of changes in primary metabolism providing energy, reducing equivalents and carbon skeletons for defense responses to halt the pathogen growth.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogen-induced changes in malate content and NADP-dependent malic enzyme activity in C3 or CAM performing Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. plants

et al. 2012

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“…Its level increases in response to drought conditions in some plant species (Irigoyen et al, 1992;Tschaplinski and Tuskan, 1993). Malate involved in turgor phenomena (Martinoia and Reutsch, 1994) molecule for CO 2 and as a source of anions and protons for controlling intracellular pH and electrical balance. In the current study it is difficult to interpret the role of malate since the leaves contain quite appreciable amounts of Ca 2+ .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inorganic and Organic Solutes in Apoplastic and Symplastic Spaces Contribute to Osmotic Adjustment During Leaf Rolling in Ctenanthe Setosa

Sağlam¹,

Terzi²,

Nar³

et al. 2010

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica

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In Ctenanthe setosa we studied changes in apoplastic and symplastic sugar, proline, ions and organic acids under drought stress causing leaf rolling. Leaf extractions were made at visually judged leaf rolling stages (not rolled, slightly rolled, strongly rolled, completely rolled). Glucose and sucrose content increased in the symplast. Glucose declined during leaf rolling in the apoplast, and sucrose was not present. Symplastic and apoplastic proline content increased during leaf rolling; citrate increased in both compartments, and malate increased in the symplast but declined in the apoplast. Symplastic and apoplastic K + declined during rolling. Ca 2+ increased at slightly rolled stage but then began to decrease in both compartments. Na + level increasing in the symplast but decreased in the apoplast. Cl -decreased in both compartments during rolling. Glucose, proline, Na + and K + are preferred for osmotic adjustment during leaf rolling under drought.K Ke ey y w wo or rd ds s: : Apoplast, ions, leaf rolling, organic acids, proline, sugars.

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“…According to this model, apoplastic oxaloacetate crosses the PM and is reduced by the PM-associated OR at the expense of cytosolic NADH. The malate thereby formed is transported to the apoplast and may participate in the H 2 O 2 generation (by the cellwall-bound MDH; Gross, Janse & Elstner 1977) as well as in the heavy metal and/or aluminium chelation in the apoplast (Martinoia & Rentsch 1994;Delhaize & Ryan 1995).…”

Section: Malate Dehydrogenase (Or Oxaloacetate Reductase)mentioning

confidence: 99%