Malaysian Child Restraint Issues: A Brief Narrative Review

Ramli, Roszalina; Yunus, Siti Salmiah Mohd

doi:10.3390/ijerph17061922

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…For the use of a CRS, this would refer to giving weight to the road crashes that affect children's safety (for example, getting in a road accident being the worst) or to the view that children's health is the most important, and giving importance to the safety of your child/children when driving [7,18]. (3). Perceived susceptibility refers to individuals' direct beliefs regarding their own behavior.…”

Section: Health Belief Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A child restraint system (CRS) includes a child safety seat and booster seat designed specifically to protect children from severe or fatal injury in vehicle crashes [3]. A study in Greece found that children aged 0-11 years sitting in front seats and not using child safety seats had a greater risk (up to 5 times) of injury than those in the rear seat using safety seats [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigating Parents’ Attitudes towards the Use of Child Restraint Systems by Comparing Non-Users and User Parents

et al. 2023

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In developing countries, there are no laws to enforce child safety seat use, so there is still a very low rate of use. This study aimed to understand parents’ attitudes toward CRS use based on the health belief model (HBM) theory. To find realistic policies encouraging the use of CRSs, the model was split into two sub-models: a group of parents using a CRS (CRS user) and a group of parents not using a CRS (CRS non-user). Using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), structural equation modeling (SEM), and measurement invariance (MI) to test the differences between the two parent groups, the CFA results indicated that there were six constructs based on the HBM. According to the individual models of SEM, in the CRS non-user model, no significant latent construct was found to affect the use of CRSs, whereas in the CRS user model, the perceived severity and the cues to action were significant for using a CRS (p < 0.05). The MI results indicated that the attitudes of the two parent groups were different. The recommendations for policies obtained from the study results include promotion aimed toward increasing safety awareness, public relations regarding CRS usefulness, and pricing strategies from the government sector.

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Section: Health Belief Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating Parents’ Attitudes towards the Use of Child Restraint Systems by Comparing Non-Users and User Parents

et al. 2023

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“…The best way to increase the use of CRS is to change parents' perceptions and attitudes towards the use of CRS (8). Due to immaturities in children's physical and mental development and inadequacies in their self-judgment and ability to self-protect, parents are the main guardians of children's safety (9,10). However, studies suggest that the rate of CRS use is extremely low due to a lack of parents' knowledge about CRS use, and poor safety-related beliefs and awareness of child passengers (11)(12)(13)(14)(15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the effectiveness of parent-targeted interventions for the use of child restraint systems: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Sun¹,

Liu²,

Ni³

et al. 2022

Transl Pediatr

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Background: It is essential to implement parent-targeted interventions to increase the use of child restraint systems (CRS) and thus reduce the injuries and deaths of children due to motor vehicle collisions.To optimize future intervention designs, this meta-analysis sought to quantify the effects of parent-targeted interventions and explore potential intervention moderators.Methods: Studies met inclusion criteria if they included a parents-targeted intervention that focused on increasing CRS use for children, published from the inception of the databases to January 2022, were systematically retrieved from the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, Web of Science, Sinomed, Wanfang, and CNKI databases. Next, 2 researchers independently screened the retrieved articles, evaluated their quality according to the Cochrane Tool, and extracted the data. Finally, Stata12.0 was used for the metaanalysis. Heterogeneity was examined with I 2 , stratified analyses, and meta-regression.Results: Of the 1,690 articles retrieved, 9 studies, comprising 22,329 parents of children aged 0-12 years, were ultimately included in the analysis. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the CRS use rate of the intervention group was 1.62 times higher than that of the control group [95% confidence interval (CI):1.25-2.11, Z=3.616, P<0.001], indicating the positive effect of parent-targeted interventions on promoting the use of CRS. The subgroup analysis found that interventions guided by behavioral theories increased the use of CRS (odds ratio: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.27-1.63, n=5). The difference in the use of CRS between the groups in the studies that were not guided by theories was not statistically significant, indicating that interventions guided by behavioral theories may be the source of the heterogeneity. Risk of bias was low in most studies. Conclusions: It is necessary to conduct interventions with parents to increase the use of CRS. The effects on CRS use appear to differ depending on whether the interventions are guided by behavioral theories. Indepth research needs to be conducted to explore the characteristics of the interventions, especially those guided by different behavioral theories, to reduce child vehicle injuries.

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“…Child restraint system or can be called as booster seat is a seat designed especially for children or small adult. The advantages of using CRS are it can help to protect or avoid the user from any injury or death during motor crashes [2][3][4][5][6]. During past 40 years, various child restraint system has been developed to enhance the protection for children or small adults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nearly 30 percent of all road traffic fatalities occur while people are in their vehicles. First and second on the list of fatalities among children aged 1 to 4 and 5 to 9 years old in Malaysia are those carried in private automobiles (43.8 percent and 30.2 percent, respectively) [2]. In China, according to data from China's Ministry of Public Security's Traffic Management Bureau, there were 27,735 traffic-related deaths of children under the age of 15 between 2005 and 2010 [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Exploratory Study of Integrating Booster Seat Design on Rear Seat Vehicle in Static Test

Muhamad¹,

Mahmudin²,

Mohamed³

et al. 2022

JAPTT

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Child Restraint System (CRS) is a safety seat created especially for child or small adult. The function of CRS is to protect or avoid child from any injury or death during vehicle crashes. This study presents a broad, comprehensive research effort that brings together industry and academic skill and uses numerous methodologies with countermeasures as the focus of applied research. The objectives of this study are to design mechanism for an integrated child seat booster for the rear seat and analyze the strength of the booster seat mechanism when loads applied on it. In order to get the seating reference point, 3D scanning process has been performed using car seat model from a toy car. A design of the booster seat mechanism is chosen for the reference based on the previous study. SolidWorks has been used in the designing and simulation of the static test process for the booster seat mechanism. The simulation has been performed to determine stress, strain and displacement of the integrated seat booster mechanism by applying different loads in static condition. The result from the simulation showed that when load D (37.08kg) was applied on the mechanism, it has the highest stress, strain and displacement which is 7689000N/m2, 2.22×10-5 and 1.74×10-2mm respectively. This is due to the fact that the more the force applied on the mechanism, the greater the stress, strain and displacement reacted on the booster seat mechanism. The success of this project will able the researcher and consumer to improve the safety of the childoccupant in the CRS during the event of crash.

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Malaysian Child Restraint Issues: A Brief Narrative Review

Cited by 4 publications

References 10 publications

Investigating Parents’ Attitudes towards the Use of Child Restraint Systems by Comparing Non-Users and User Parents

Investigating Parents’ Attitudes towards the Use of Child Restraint Systems by Comparing Non-Users and User Parents

Assessment of the effectiveness of parent-targeted interventions for the use of child restraint systems: a systematic review and meta-analysis

An Exploratory Study of Integrating Booster Seat Design on Rear Seat Vehicle in Static Test

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