This objective of this work is to investigate the quality assurance of remanufactured ELV components by distinguished with other sustainable manufacturing stakeholders, 6Rs. The study is focused on developing countries such as China, India, Malaysia, and Brazil as the authors determine whether remanufactured ELV components are significant to the respective countries. Implications of this study are the three remanufacturing research areas classified and discussed: Remanufacturing Process, Remanufacturing Supply Chain, and Sustainable Remanufacturing Industry. The most significant findings in this study classified quality of remanufactured ELV components in terms of quality assurance and quality after business.

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The main causes of aerodynamic drag for automotive vehicles are the flow separation at the rear end of the vehicles. By reducing the drag force, it is possible to increase the fuel economy. Aerodynamic component i.e. Frontal Deflectors (FD) commonly used on trucks to prevent the flow separation. Frontal Deflectors themselves do create the drag, but they also reduce drags by preventing flow separation at downstream. The main aim of this paper is to quantify the effect of frontal deflectors on improving trucks aerodynamics. In this study, the simulation were ran for 6 different shapes of FD which acquires different height and different placement of FD that is mounted on the truck from the frontal roof by using ANSYS Fluent software. The design of the truck has been done in SOLIDWORK 2018 and the same design is used for analysis in ANSYS (Fluent). The two equation models used in this study are 𝑘𝑘− 𝜀𝜀 with applying the Reynolds-averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) equations for the behaviour of fluid flow around the truck. The Reynolds number used is 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = 1.1 × 106. Based on the result, all the FD’s resulted in reduction of 𝐶𝐶𝑑𝑑. The drag coefficient of all FD models differs. The velocity streamline acquired is different between the Frontal Deflector models mounted on the truck and the flow structure and vortex formation differs in various pattern formation. FD 4 produces the least value of drag. Hence, the efficiency of the truck improves. Therefore, FD 4 is the best model as the 𝐶𝐶𝑑𝑑 acquired is 0.508 with the height (15 mm) and placement of (230 mm) is the best FD to be used on a truck. Consequently, the drag reduction percentage of FD 4 compared to the truck without a FD is 32.2%.

An automatic seat belt release system is provided for installation in conjunction with the vehicle's seat belt system. In the event that the vehicle sustains an impact of sufficient magnitude to necessitate the emergency release of the seat belt system, an electrically operated actuator located near the seat belt is actuated to release the seat belt system after 5 seconds time interval. The aim of this study is to design and develop coding language for Auto ReleaseSeatbelt System. The system for Auto Release Seatbelt is installed inside the passenger cabin and the release mechanism fixed at the seatbelt buckle. The system is tested after the installation on a multipurpose vehicle(MPV). The 12V cigarette lighter socket is used to power the system. A crash collision impact sensor, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a developer board, and a solenoid actuator comprise in the designed emergency release system. The crash collision impact sensor identifies when the vehicle collides, and the gyroscope sensor determines the vehicle's orientation after the impact, if the gyroscope detects no change in orientation, it triggers the development board's preset timer. The solenoid is activated to press the custom release mechanism that will remove the seat belt once the specified time period has passed.

Child Restraint System (CRS) is a safety seat created especially for child or small adult. The function of CRS is to protect or avoid child from any injury or death during vehicle crashes. This study presents a broad, comprehensive research effort that brings together industry and academic skill and uses numerous methodologies with countermeasures as the focus of applied research. The objectives of this study are to design mechanism for an integrated child seat booster for the rear seat and analyze the strength of the booster seat mechanism when loads applied on it. In order to get the seating reference point, 3D scanning process has been performed using car seat model from a toy car. A design of the booster seat mechanism is chosen for the reference based on the previous study. SolidWorks has been used in the designing and simulation of the static test process for the booster seat mechanism. The simulation has been performed to determine stress, strain and displacement of the integrated seat booster mechanism by applying different loads in static condition. The result from the simulation showed that when load D (37.08kg) was applied on the mechanism, it has the highest stress, strain and displacement which is 7689000N/m2, 2.22×10-5 and 1.74×10-2mm respectively. This is due to the fact that the more the force applied on the mechanism, the greater the stress, strain and displacement reacted on the booster seat mechanism. The success of this project will able the researcher and consumer to improve the safety of the childoccupant in the CRS during the event of crash.