MALDI-TOF, 13C NMR and FT-MIR analysis and strength characterization of glycidyl ether tannin epoxy resins

Jahanshahi, S.; Pizzi, A.; Abdulkhani, Ali; Doosthoseini, K; Shakeri, Alireza; Lagel, Marie-Christine; Delmotte, Luc

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.11.067

Cited by 33 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Swelling ratios and soluble fractions of these materials also proved to be very low. Jahanshahi et al [ 194 , 195 ] recently published two papers on the use of condensed tannins for the synthesis of bio-based materials. In the first one [ 194 ], Mimosa ( Acacia mearnsii ) bark tannins were glycidylated with epichlorohydrin but the epoxy rings were then reacted with acrylic acid for adhesive synthesis.…”

Section: Bio-based Aromatic Epoxy Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-Based Aromatic Epoxy Monomers for Thermoset Materials

et al. 2017

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The synthesis of polymers from renewable resources is a burning issue that is actively investigated. Polyepoxide networks constitute a major class of thermosetting polymers and are extensively used as coatings, electronic materials, adhesives. Owing to their outstanding mechanical and electrical properties, chemical resistance, adhesion, and minimal shrinkage after curing, they are used in structural applications as well. Most of these thermosets are industrially manufactured from bisphenol A (BPA), a substance that was initially synthesized as a chemical estrogen. The awareness on BPA toxicity combined with the limited availability and volatile cost of fossil resources and the non-recyclability of thermosets implies necessary changes in the field of epoxy networks. Thus, substitution of BPA has witnessed an increasing number of studies both from the academic and industrial sides. This review proposes to give an overview of the reported aromatic multifunctional epoxide building blocks synthesized from biomass or from molecules that could be obtained from transformed biomass. After a reminder of the main glycidylation routes and mechanisms and the recent knowledge on BPA toxicity and legal issues, this review will provide a brief description of the main natural sources of aromatic molecules. The different epoxy prepolymers will then be organized from simple, mono-aromatic di-epoxy, to mono-aromatic poly-epoxy, to di-aromatic di-epoxy compounds, and finally to derivatives possessing numerous aromatic rings and epoxy groups.

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Section: Bio-based Aromatic Epoxy Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-Based Aromatic Epoxy Monomers for Thermoset Materials

et al. 2017

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“…In addition to that, they have low toxicity and low cost, and the reactivity of tannins and its models toward epichlorohydrin to prepare bio-based epoxy resin has been studied. The investigated properties of catechin molecule, one of the tannin structural units, show that the obtained resin displayed interesting reactivity and thermal properties in comparison with commercial bisphenol A-based epoxy resin [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Curing and thermal properties of tannin-based epoxy and its blends with commercial epoxy resin

Shnawa

2020

Polym. Bull.

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In order to find partial substitution for bisphenol A-based commercial epoxy resin (CE), a bio-based epoxy resin was prepared from eucalyptus tannins through a typical glycidylation reaction with epichlorohydrin. The structure of tannin-based epoxy resin (TE) was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. Herein, mixtures of TE and CE (TE-CE) were prepared using varying loading amounts (20, 40 and 60) wt/wt%of TE. Tannins used here are produced by solid-liquid extraction from the outer bark of eucalyptus tree, mainly consisting of condensed tannins. Through the use of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and FTIR techniques, the reactivity of tannin epoxy with and without commercial epoxy resin to form cross-linking network was investigated. TE was successfully cured with aminebased curing agent. Furthermore, compared to commercial epoxy resin (CE), TE exhibited broad low exothermic peak, insignificant cross-linking properties and low curing enthalpy at different levels of curing agent. Moreover, to study the influence of TE substitution on the curing properties of CE, curing behavior of TE-CE mixtures was investigated by DSC. It was found that TE at high loading levels such as 40 and 60 wt/wt% increases slightly the reactivity of CE by decreasing curing characteristics temperatures such as the initial of curing, peak exotherm and completion of curing temperatures. TE can serve as curing accelerator and has a non-desirable impact on the curing performance of CE resin such as curing enthalpy. And up to 20 wt/wt% of CE could be replaced by TE without any significant reduction in the curing behavior of CE.

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“…Following the excellent seminal works cited above, more recent work has appeared on the preparation and characterization of condensed tannin epoxies [128,129]. One of these deals with the preparation an epoxy–acrylic tannin resin capable of quick curing without using a hardener [128,129] (Figure 16).…”

Section: Industrial Utilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tannins: Prospectives and Actual Industrial Applications

2019

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The origin of tannins, their historical evolution, their different types, and their applications are described. Old and established applications are described, as well as the future applications which are being developed at present and that promise to have an industrial impact in the future. The chemistry of some of these applications is discussed where it is essential to understand the tannins and their derivates role. The essential points of each application, their drawbacks, and their chance of industrial application are briefly discussed. The article presents historical applications of tannins, such as leather, or traditional medicine, and more recent applications.

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MALDI-TOF, 13C NMR and FT-MIR analysis and strength characterization of glycidyl ether tannin epoxy resins

Cited by 33 publications

References 9 publications

Bio-Based Aromatic Epoxy Monomers for Thermoset Materials

Bio-Based Aromatic Epoxy Monomers for Thermoset Materials

Curing and thermal properties of tannin-based epoxy and its blends with commercial epoxy resin

Tannins: Prospectives and Actual Industrial Applications

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