Male gametic nucleus-specific H2B and H3 histones, designated gH2B and gH3, in Lilium longiflorum

Uéda, Kenji; Tanaka, Ichiro

doi:10.1007/bf00202649

Cited by 31 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Histones were extracted from the nuclear fraction with 0.4 N H 2 SO 4 and were fractionated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (AUT-SDS PAGE, Ueda and Tanaka 1994). Several antisera against histone H1 (a protein with an apparent molecular mass of 43 kDa) were raised in rats by the previously described procedure (Ueda and Tanaka 1995b). Antisera were also raised in a similar manner against one subtype of histone H2B (25 kDa) for comparative purposes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The developmental fate of angiosperm pollen is associated with a preferential decrease in the level of histone H1 in the vegetative nucleus

Tanaka

Ono

Fukuda

1998

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In angiosperm pollen, the vegetative cell is assumed to function as a gametophytic cell in pollen germination and growth of the pollen tube. The chromatin in the nucleus of the vegetative cell gradually disperses after microspore mitosis, whereas the chromatin in the nucleus of the other generative cell remains highly condensed during the formation of two sperm nuclei. In order to explain the dierence in chromatin condensation between the vegetative and generative nuclei, we analyzed the histone composition of each nucleus in Lilium longi¯orum Thunb. and Tulipa gesneriana immunocytochemically, using speci®c antisera raised against histones H1 and H2B of Lilium. We found that the level of histone H1 decreased gradually only in the vegetative nucleus during the development of pollen within anthers and that the vegetative nucleus in mature pollen after anther dehiscence contained little histone H1. By contrast, the vegetative nucleus contained the same amount or more of histone H2B than the generative nucleus. The preferential decrease in the level of histone H1 occurred in anomalous pollen with one nucleus (uninucleate pollen) or with two similar nuclei (equally divided pollen), which had been induced by treatment with colchicine. The nuclei in the anomalous pollen resembled vegetative nuclei in terms of structure and staining properties. The anomalous pollen was able to germinate and extend a pollen tube. From these results, it is suggested that the preferential decrease in level of histone H1 in pollen nuclei is essential for development of the male gametophytic cell through large-scale expression of genes that include pollenspeci®c genes, which results in pollen germination and growth of the pollen tube.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The developmental fate of angiosperm pollen is associated with a preferential decrease in the level of histone H1 in the vegetative nucleus

Tanaka

Ono

Fukuda

1998

Planta

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“…Male gamete specific histones have been identified in isolated generative cells of lily (Lilium longiflorum; Ueda and Tanaka, 1995), and some genes (ERCC1, LGC1, and FtsZ) that are expressed preferentially or specifically in the male gametes have been isolated (Xu et al, 1998(Xu et al, , 1999Mori and Tanaka, 2000). Recently, large scale sequencing of sperm cell cDNAs from maize (Zea mays) has revealed a diverse complement of mRNAs (Engel et al, 2003).…”

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confidence: 99%

Male Germ Line Development in Arabidopsis. duo pollen Mutants Reveal Gametophytic Regulators of Generative Cell Cycle Progression

2005

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Male germ line development in flowering plants is initiated with the formation of the generative cell that is the progenitor of the two sperm cells. While structural features of the generative cell are well documented, genetic programs required for generative cell cycle progression are unknown. We describe two novel Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants, duo pollen1 (duo1) and duo pollen2 (duo2), in which generative cell division is blocked, resulting in the formation of bicellular pollen grains at anthesis. duo1 and duo2 map to different chromosomes and act gametophytically in a male-specific manner. Both duo mutants progress normally through the first haploid division at pollen mitosis I (PMI) but fail at distinct stages of the generative cell cycle. Mutant generative cells in duo1 pollen fail to enter mitosis at G2-M transition, whereas mutant generative cells in duo2 enter PMII but arrest at prometaphase. In wild-type plants, generative and sperm nuclei enter S phase soon after inception, implying that male gametic cells follow a simple S to M cycle. Mutant generative nuclei in duo1 complete DNA synthesis but bypass PMII and enter an endocycle during pollen maturation. However, mutant generative nuclei in duo2 arrest in prometaphase of PMII with a 2C DNA content. Our results identify two essential gametophytic loci required for progression through different phases of the generative cell cycle, providing the first evidence to our knowledge for genetic regulators of male germ line development in flowering plants.Plant sexual reproduction depends on the timely construction of male and female gametes that are produced by the haploid gametophyte generation. In flowering plants, male gametogenesis is restricted to a simple cell lineage of two cell divisions following meiosis that results in the production of two nonmotile sperm cells. The first division of the microspore at pollen mitosis I (PMI) is asymmetric and gives rise to a large transcriptionally active vegetative cell and a diminutive generative cell with condensed chromatin and fewer organelles. After PMI, the two cells follow different developmental pathways that are characterized by the differential control of the cell cycle and gene expression. Whereas the vegetative cell exits the cell cycle in G1 and differentiates, the generative cell completes a further cell cycle to form the two sperm cells (for review, see Tanaka, 1997;Twell et al., 1998). Although the general pathway leading to sperm cell formation is clear, our knowledge of the genetic and molecular control of generative cell cycle progression and male germ line development is very limited.Gene expression within the male gametes has been explored in some plants. Male gamete specific histones have been identified in isolated generative cells of lily (Lilium longiflorum; Ueda and Tanaka, 1995), and some genes (ERCC1, LGC1, and FtsZ) that are expressed preferentially or specifically in the male gametes have been isolated (Xu et al., 1998(Xu et al., , 1999Mori and Tanaka, 2000). Recently, larg...

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“…Histones were extracted from pollen nuclei of L. longiflorum with 0.4 N H 2 SO 4 and were fractionated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, as described previously (Ueda and Tanaka 1995b). Protein 35 (p35; a protein of apparent M r 35,000) was electroeluted from pieces of gel into dialysis bags.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Histones, extracted from these nuclei with 0.4 N H 2 SO 4 , were separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and were then transferred electrophoretically to nitrocellulose membranes (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Richmond, Calif.). Immunoblotting was performed as described previously (Ueda and Tanaka 1995b).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel histone variant localized in nucleoli of higher plant cells

et al. 1999

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Immunofluorescence staining with antisera raised against p35, a basic nuclear protein that accumulates in the pollen nuclei of Lilium longiflorum, specifically stained the nucleoli in interphase nuclei of somatic tissues, including root and leaf, and in pachytene nuclei during meiotic division, whereas antisera raised against histone H1 uniformly stained the entire chromatin domain with the exception of the nucleoli in these nuclei. Further, p35-specific antisera stained the nucleoli in root and leaf nuclei of the monocotyledonous plants Tulipa gesneriana, Allium cepa and Triticum aestivum and of the dicotyledonous plants Vicia faba and Nicotiana tabacum. Thus, these novel antisera stained the nucleoli in cells of all higher plants examined, although the staining patterns within nucleoli were somewhat different among plant species and tissues. The full-length cDNA of p35 was cloned on the basis of the partial amino acid sequence. The deduced amino acid composition and amino acid sequence of p35 indicate that this nucleolar protein is a novel variant of histone Hl. Further, p35 was strongly bound to ribosomal DNA in vitro. The results of immunoblotting of histones extracted from each tissue of the various plant species with the nucleolus-specific antibodies also suggested the conservation of similar epitope(s) in both mono- and dicotyledonous plants. From these results, it is suggested that similar variants of histone Hl are specifically distributed in the nucleoli of all plant species and help to organize the nucleolar chromatin.

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Male gametic nucleus-specific H2B and H3 histones, designated gH2B and gH3, in Lilium longiflorum

Cited by 31 publications

References 38 publications

The developmental fate of angiosperm pollen is associated with a preferential decrease in the level of histone H1 in the vegetative nucleus

The developmental fate of angiosperm pollen is associated with a preferential decrease in the level of histone H1 in the vegetative nucleus

Male Germ Line Development in Arabidopsis. duo pollen Mutants Reveal Gametophytic Regulators of Generative Cell Cycle Progression

A novel histone variant localized in nucleoli of higher plant cells

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