Male-mediated F1 effects in mice exposed to nonylphenol or to a combination of X-rays and nonylphenol

Abstract

Nonylphenol (NP) is an environmental chemical with estrogenic activity. Exposure of the general population to radiation and NP is, very often, unavoidable because of the presence of both agents in the environment of human life and work. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of subchronic 8-week exposure to NP alone or in combination with X-rays on sperm quantity and quality and on the possibility of the transmission of mutations induced in germ cells to the next generation. Eight-week exposure to NP and X-ray/NP combination diminished sperm count and increased the percent of abnormal spermatozoa, as well as having increased DNA damage in gametes. Some of those effects remained up to 8 weeks after the end of exposure. The exposure of males to 50 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) of NP and to 0.05 Gy + 25 mg/kg b.w. NP daily significantly decreased the percent of pregnant females. The fertilization ability of male mice was not diminished. Combined exposure to low doses of both agents significantly increased the mean number of dead implantations per pregnant female and the percentage of skeletal malformations. Results showed that mutations induced in germ cells by subchronic exposure to NP and to combined X-ray/NP exposure may be transmitted to the F1 generation via sperm.

Effects of Nonylphenol on Motion Kinetics, Acrosome and Mitochondrial Membrane Potential in Frozen-Thawed Bull Sperm

“…It has also been shown that the number of apoptotic cells in seminiferous tubules of treated rats was increased in a dose dependent manner. Similarly, Dobrzyńska [17] reported that eight-week exposure to NP and X-ray/NP combination reduced sperm counts while it increased the percent of abnormal spermatozoa and DNA damage in gametes in mice. Karadeniz et al [45] reported that increasing concentration of NP dissolved in ethanol cause guanine oxidation in DNA determined by carbon nano-tube electrode.…”

“…In vivo estrogenic activity of NP is much more potent than that of in vitro estrogenic activity of NP [37] . Exposure of the general population to NP is unavoidable because of the presence of the agent in the environment [17] . The effects of NP on livestocks have been described such as disruption in testicular development, decrease in sperm motility, viability, decrease in sperm count which eventually led to the decrease in male fertility [12][13][14]38] .…”

“…The effects of NP on livestocks have been described such as disruption in testicular development, decrease in sperm motility, viability, decrease in sperm count which eventually led to the decrease in male fertility [12][13][14]38] . Adverse effects of NP on mice [14,17] , rat [13,18] and aquatic species [1,10,11,23,39] have also been reported.…”

“…To date, the adverse effects of NP on many different species including mice [14,17] , rats [13,18] , quails [19] and aquatic species including fish, and sea urchins [1,10,11,[20][21][22][23] have been reported. Cattle are the most widely raised livestock and bull sperm is used for artificial insemination worldwide.…”

Contamination of Paddy Soil by Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals Affects Soil Microbe Abundance and Diversity

“…Similarly, DBP is known to affect both the number and diversity of soil microorganisms (Cartwright et al, 2000;Kapanen et al, 2007;Jun et al, 2009). Both NP and DBP are known to be toxic to mammals (Cirillo et al, 2011;Dobrzyńska, 2012), and there is some evidence that they can also be deleterious to soil nematodes, earthworms, enchytraeids, and collembolans (Domene et al, 2009;Hood et al, 2000). However, little effort has been made as yet to document their effect on soil microflora and, as a result, little is known regarding the mechanisms involved in the interaction between these EDCs and the soil biota.…”