Malignant catarrhal fever in sika deer (<i>Cervus nippon</i>) in the UK

Foyle, K. L.; Fuller, H. E.; Higgins, Robert; Russell, George C.; Willoughby, Kim; Rosie, W. G.; Stidworthy, Mark F.; Foster, Aiden P

doi:10.1136/vetreccr.165.15.445rep

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Managing the risk of disease is primarily dependent on avoiding contact with sheep and possibly goats (which may also harbour the virus as well as caprine herpesvirus 2 which has been associated with MCF) 11 …”

Section: Malignant Catarrhal Fevermentioning

confidence: 99%

Reindeer health and welfare

Foster¹,

Wight²

2022

Veterinary Record

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Section: Malignant Catarrhal Fevermentioning

confidence: 99%

Reindeer health and welfare

Foster¹,

Wight²

2022

Veterinary Record

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“…The two most well-studied are ovine herpesvirus-2 (OvHV-2) and alcelaphine herpesvirus-1 (AIHV-1), which are maintained asymptomatically in sheep and wildebeest reservoir populations, respectively (1). OvHV-2 is responsible for sheep-associated MCF (SA-MCF) disease in susceptible hosts such as buffalo (2), cattle (3), and deer (4) and rarely in pigs (3) and foals (5). In OvHV-2, infection of nonadapted host species suggests latent infection and abortive lytic viral replication (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and characterization ofOvine gammaherpesvirus type 2from an outbreak of Malignant Catarrhal Fever inArtiodactylaand horses in Mexico

Madrigal-Valencia

Saavedra‐Montañez

Pérez‐Torres

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2), a member of the Macavirus genus, causes sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (SA-MCF), a fatal lymphoproliferative disease that affects a wide variety of ungulates in addition to horses.This study described an outbreak of SA-MCF that occurred in Mexico and the identification of the OvHV-2 virus through viral isolation and different laboratory techniques such as immunofluorescence (IF), immunoperoxidase (IP), immunohistochemistry (IHC), end point PCR and partial sequencing of the ORF75 gene. The animals involved in this outbreak showed head and eye clinical signs and lesions. Based on the clinical-pathological outcome, buffy coats were taken, and virus isolation was attempted on primary cell cultures of the rabbit testicle. Small clusters of refractile cytomegalic cells characterized the cytopathic effect between 48 and 72 hours postinfection. In addition, inclusion bodies were identified, and cytoplasmic immunoreactivity was observed in the infected cells. The sequences obtained were aligned with OvHV-2 sequences reported in GenBank and revealed a nucleotide identity higher than 98%. The results indicate that the outbreak was caused by OvHV-2 and the horses are susceptible to SA-MCF.

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“…AlHV‐1, carried by asymptomatic reservoir wildebeest, accounts for the wildebeest‐associated MCF (WA‐MCF) in Africa and in zoo animals worldwide, whereas the sheep‐associated MCF (SA‐MCF) caused by OvHV‐2 represents a serious problem worldwide, especially for highly susceptible farmed animals, such as cattle and captive sika deer. In addition, CpHV‐2, the causative agent of the more‐chronic SA‐MCF, could also be a problem in most countries (Foyle et al, ; Vikøren et al, ). In most cases, domestic goats, which serve as the reservoir for the virus, are easily accessible to susceptible animals (Zhu, Huang, et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malignant catarrhal fever: An emerging yet neglected disease in captive sika deer ( Cervus nippon ) herds in China

Zhu

Sun

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a fatal lymphoproliferative disease that represents a serious problem in the deer‐rearing industry. To better understand an MCF‐like disease that has emerged in northern China since 2015, we investigated ten cases by documenting clinical and epidemiological data and analysing causative agents and histopathological changes. In addition, a retrospective screen for Macavirus DNA and a questionnaire‐based survey were conducted. Epizootic MCF in Chinese sika deer herds has emerged with a low morbidity of 3.8% (95% CI: 2.5%–5.1%) and a high mortality of 93.2% (95% CI: 86.6%–99.9%). The disease course varied from 3 to 12 days. Aetiologically, OvHV‐2 was predominant in the MCFV, accounting for most MCF cases (21/23). In contrast, only two CpHV‐2 isolates were phylogenetically closely related to CpHV‐2. Diarrhoea and nasal discharges were the most frequent manifestations, although clinical signs varied in some cases. Pathologically typical lesions of haemorrhage, necrosis and lymphoid cell infiltration were readily observed in a variety of organs. Vasculitis caused by vascular and perivascular lymphoid cell infiltration was common. The retrospective survey suggested a low positive rate (3/275) of MCFV DNA in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). The questionnaire‐based survey suggested the disease was neglected by local veterinarians, who did not acknowledge the risk of co‐rearing deer with reservoir species. Collectively, the emerging epizootic MCF in Chinese sika deer herds remains neglected, emphasizing the urgency of initiating full‐field diagnoses and control strategies.

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Malignant catarrhal fever in sika deer (Cervus nippon) in the UK

Cited by 4 publications

References 18 publications

Reindeer health and welfare

Reindeer health and welfare

Isolation and characterization ofOvine gammaherpesvirus type 2from an outbreak of Malignant Catarrhal Fever inArtiodactylaand horses in Mexico

Malignant catarrhal fever: An emerging yet neglected disease in captive sika deer ( Cervus nippon ) herds in China

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