Malignant neoplasm in the axilla of a male: suspected primary carcinoma of an accessory mammary gland

Takeyama, Hiroshi; Takahashi, Hiroyuki; Tabei, Isao; Fukuchi, Osamu; Nogi, Hiroko; Kinoshita, Satoki; Uchida, Keiji; Morikawa, Toshiaki

doi:10.1007/s12282-009-0098-8

Cited by 14 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…By contrast, when the accessory gland constitutes a separate anatomical structure, the resection of normal breast tissue appears to be unnecessary. There have been few studies on neoadjuvant chemotherapy as a treatment for locally advanced accessory breast cancer (20,28). Chemotherapy with anthracycline and taxane is generally recommended for the treatment of locally advanced accessory breast cancer, as it is for the usual form of breast cancer (7).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the time of diagnosis, the majority of patients with accessory breast carcinoma were in an advanced clinical stage, with nodal metastases or an unresectable tumour due to size (20,28). Thus, the prognosis of accessory breast cancer may be worse compared with the prognosis of breast cancer arising in the proper mammary gland, although no long-term follow-up data regarding the prognosis of accessory breast cancer are available (15).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diagnosis and treatment of accessory breast cancer in 11 patients

Zhang

et al. 2015

Oncology Letters

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Abstract. The present study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of accessory breast cancer, and contribute valuable information regarding this rare tumour to the current literature, ultimately facilitating the development of improved treatment strategies. The present study reported the cases of 11 patients with accessory breast cancer. The patients with accessory breast cancer were admitted between January 2002 and June 2014, and the patient records were retrospectively analysed. All patients presented with a tumour that was localised in the axilla. Out of these patients, there were 8 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma and 3 patients with invasive lobular carcinoma. The follow-up periods for patients ranged between 4 and 54 months. Out of the 5 patients that experienced neoplasm metastases, 4 patients succumbed to the disease. In total, 6 patients remain alive with no evidence of disease. Accessory breast cancer is a progressive tumour, and long-term follow-up is required. A comprehensive treatment strategy may be an effective treatment option for patients; however, the optimal time at which to commence chemotherapy and the role of combined radiotherapy and endocrine therapy require additional investigation. IntroductionPrimary carcinomas of ectopic breast tissue have been reported in only a small number of cases and the axilla was the most frequent site of the primary tumor (1). Evans et al (2) reported that 71% of ectopic breast cancers were located in the axilla. Marshall et al (3) reported that 58% occurred in the axilla, 18.5% in the parasternal, 8.6% in the subclavicular, 8.6% in the submammary, and 4% in the vulvar; 94.7% of patients were women, and only 5.3% were men. Breast tissues develop from the ectodermal ridges, also known as the milk lines, on the ventral surface of the body, which extend from the axillae to the inguinal regions and end on the medial aspect of the thighs on each side of the body (4). Embryologically, ectopic breast tissue develops as a result of failed resolution of the mammary ridge, an ectodermal thickening that extends from the axilla to the groin (5). Ectopic breast tissue may appear at any site along the milk line, but it occurs most commonly in the axill; less commonly, it may appear in locations outside of the mammary ridge, including the face, middle back, buttock, posterior neck, chest, vulva, hip, posterior, flank and/or lateral thigh, shoulder and upper extremities (4,6).The diagnostic procedures and therapeutic management of accessory breast carcinoma are not definitively established. The present study aimed to perform an analysis of a series of patients with accessory breast cancer that were treated exclusively with combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy, as well as to review the medical literature with regard to the clinical features, treatment methods and prognosis of this disease. The present study reports 11 such cases, with the goal of contributing valuable information about this unusual tumour to the current literat...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and treatment of accessory breast cancer in 11 patients

Zhang

et al. 2015

Oncology Letters

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“…One differential diagnosis is primary carcinoma of an accessory mammary gland. The histopathological specimen is characterized by the presence of sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and connective tissue [6]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient Effectiveness of an Oral 5-Fluorouracil Derivative, S-1, for Epirubicin, Cyclophosphamide and Paclitaxel Refractory Skin Metastases from Possible Occult Breast Cancer in a Male

Hirao

Oiso

Tsurutani³

et al. 2011

Case Rep Dermatol

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Recent chemotherapies for skin metastases from breast cancer have shown to be effective for regression, disappearance, and favorable quality of life. We describe the case of a 76-year-old male showing transient effectiveness with an oral 5-fluorouracil derivative, S-1 (tegafur, 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine and potassium oxonate), for epirubicin, cyclophosphamide and paclitaxel refractory skin metastases from possible occult breast cancer. The male patient was initially diagnosed as having lymph node metastases in the left axilla as possible occult breast cancer. The skin metastases developed after chemotherapy with a combination of epirubicin and cyclophosphamide, subsequent chemotherapy with paclitaxel, and radiotherapy. Chemotherapy with paclitaxel was resumed for skin metastases, but it was not effective. Alternative chemotherapy with the oral agent S-1 was administered. The skin metastases completely disappeared after the second course, but recurred at the end of the third course. This case suggests that S-1 may be a candidate for chemotherapy for skin metastases from occult breast cancer in males.

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“…In the Chinese Hospital Knowledge Database from 1975 to 2015, there were two separate case reports of male accessory breast cancer (Gou, 1987;Liu and Wang, 2014), and 20 cases altogether with female patients in the retrospective analyses. Seven case reports in the PubMed literature were in English, of which one case was American (Camisa, 1980), three cases were Chinese (Lin and Wang, 2012;Gao et al, 2014;Bi et al, 2015), and three cases were Japanese (Takeyama et al, 2010;Yamamura et al, 2012;Yoshida et al, 2012). Camisa (1980) reported on an elderly man with accessory breast tissue occurring on the posterior portion of his left thigh.…”

Section: A Brief Literature Review Of Male Accessory Breast Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Successful treatment of accessory breast cancer with endocrine therapy

Chun-xi

Guo

Han

2017

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B

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Accessory breast cancers in males are extremely rare, and only a few cases have been reported in the literature. In this paper, an 87-year-old male patient was diagnosed with an accessory breast cancer by means of computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT), and immunohistochemistry based on needle biopsy, and has undergone successful resection and postoperative adjuvant endocrine therapy. He was the oldest male patient with an accessory breast cancer reported in the Chinese Hospital Knowledge Database and PubMed literature from 1975 to 2015.

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Malignant neoplasm in the axilla of a male: suspected primary carcinoma of an accessory mammary gland

Cited by 14 publications

References 5 publications

Diagnosis and treatment of accessory breast cancer in 11 patients

Diagnosis and treatment of accessory breast cancer in 11 patients

Transient Effectiveness of an Oral 5-Fluorouracil Derivative, S-1, for Epirubicin, Cyclophosphamide and Paclitaxel Refractory Skin Metastases from Possible Occult Breast Cancer in a Male

Successful treatment of accessory breast cancer with endocrine therapy

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