Mallory–Weiss syndrome complicated by severe aspiration pneumonitis in an infant

Abstract

A 1-month-old girl presented with hematemesis and dyspnea. A large amount of blood was aspirated through a nasogastric tube, and chest computed tomography showed bilateral centrilobular opacified lesions, which suggested aspiration pneumonitis due to upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Her respiratory condition exacerbated, and we initiated nitric oxide (NO) therapy. Bleeding stopped with conservative treatment. She was weaned off mechanical ventilation and extubated on Day 6 after admission. Afterward, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed a longitudinal linear scar indicative of Mallory–Weiss syndrome (MWS). MWS is rarely reported in early infancy since many of the risk factors are absent in infants. Patients with aspiration pneumonitis usually recover respiratory function within 24 h and severe respiratory failure is rare in aspiration pneumonitis. There are no pediatric case reports describing MWS with severe aspiration pneumonitis. Although MWS is a rare cause of neonatal hematemesis, patients can become severely ill and require multidisciplinary treatment.

Mallory-Weiss Syndrome in Pregnancy

“…This is a rare cause of hematemesis in infancy. Although it can sometimes lead to anemia or even shock due to heavy bleeding, no cases of infants with MWS complicated by severe aspiration pneumonia have been reported (Ebara et al, 2021). In other words, MWS is vomiting-induced nonvariceal mucosal laceration at the gastroesophageal junction.…”