Malnutrition amongst Under-Five Years Children in Swat, Pakistan: Prevalence and Risk Factors

Ullah, Hanif; Ullah, Barkat; Karim, Safura Abdool; Iqbal, Tariq; Khan, A Z; Mir, Saad; Baseer, Abdul; Azhar, Syed; Murtaza, Ghulam

doi:10.4314/tjpr.v13i8.24

Cited by 19 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Ansari [ 33 ] pointed out that, in those houses where knowledge of childcare practices are insufficient, food insecurity exists, lack of mother’s education, and large family size were the major determinants of child stunting. Ullah [ 53 ] found that teenage pregnancy, large family size, and lack of child vaccination were major associated factors of child malnutrition in Swat. Shah [ 36 ] pointed out that stunned children were more likely to live in a house with more than three people sharing one room, mud houses, have incomplete child vaccinations, less income, and no formal education in the rural areas of Pakistan.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Child Malnutrition in Pakistan: Evidence from Literature

2018

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Pakistan has one of the highest prevalences of child malnutrition as compared to other developing countries. This narrative review was accomplished to examine the published empirical literature on children’s nutritional status in Pakistan. The objectives of this review were to know about the methodological approaches used in previous studies, to assess the overall situation of childhood malnutrition, and to identify the areas that have not yet been studied. This study was carried out to collect and synthesize the relevant data from previously published papers through different scholarly database search engines. The most relevant and current published papers between 2000–2016 were included in this study. The research papers that contain the data related to child malnutrition in Pakistan were assessed. A total of 28 articles was reviewed and almost similar methodologies were used in all of them. Most of the researchers conducted the cross sectional quantitative and descriptive studies, through structured interviews for identifying the causes of child malnutrition. Only one study used the mix method technique for acquiring data from the respondents. For the assessment of malnutrition among children, out of 28 papers, 20 used the World Health Organization (WHO) weight for age, age for height, and height for weight Z-score method. Early marriages, large family size, high fertility rates with a lack of birth spacing, low income, the lack of breast feeding, and exclusive breastfeeding were found to be the themes that repeatedly emerged in the reviewed literature. There is a dire need of qualitative and mixed method researches to understand and have an insight into the underlying factors of child malnutrition in Pakistan.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Child Malnutrition in Pakistan: Evidence from Literature

2018

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“…The study of [2] focused the Quetta city of Balochistan, while the studies of [12,21,42,45,47,59,68,72,93] discussed Sindh province rural and urban areas to addressing malnutrition issue in the province. The studies of [3,5,33,44,65,81] spotlighted different rural and urban areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, and the research work of [52,58] focused the Islamabad urban areas for highlighting the malnutrition scenario in these areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of socioeconomic factors on malnutrition among children in Pakistan

2020

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Background: In the current era, malnutrition among children considers main reason of morbidity and mortality in the world scenario while more specifically in developing countries. Malnutrition in children severely affects their physical growth and academic achievements. This study aimed to find out the effect of socioeconomic factors on malnutrition, children aged under 5 years in Multan district of Punjab province, Pakistan. The study used the data of 2497 children, obtained from Multiple Integrated Cluster Survey 2018 and employed Binary logistic regression approach for empirical estimation the effects of socioeconomic factors on malnutrition among children. Results: Empirical estimates of the study specified the prevalence of higher frequency of stunting (18.58), wasting (28.43) and underweight (19.54) among children particularly in rural areas of the study district Multan. Stunting status was significantly associated with children of some month (OR = 1.247, CI 95% 0.543-1.546), family size (OR = 0.589, CI 95% 0.431-3.715), maternal education (OR = 1.432, CI 95% 0.528-1.972), wealth quintile (OR = 2.174, CI 95% 1.234-3.376) and sanitation facility (OR = 0.789, CI 95% 0.627-1.987). Wasting status was mostly correlated with male children (OR = 1.208, CI 95% 0.769-1.352), children of urban areas (OR = 0.594, CI 95% 0.476-1.987) and food shortage (OR = 1.367, CI 95% 0.782-2.543). Underweight status was close relationship with male gender (OR = 1.213, CI 95% 0.821-2.897), incomplete immunization (OR = 1.342, CI 95% 1.041-2.658) and treated water access (OR = 0.689, CI 95% 0.542-2.743). Conclusion: In this study, prevalence of higher-level malnutrition was estimated due to lower socioeconomic status among major population in the community specifically in rural areas. The government needs to enhance economic opportunities, promote healthcare education, increase nutritional access and generate improving personal hygiene habits through appropriate economic, political and social policy measures. The outcome of these policies will enhance individual economic resources; ensure nutritional safety, increasing maternal schooling and helpful for improving child health.

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“…Afridi et al (2014) reported that 14% underweight; 8% wasted; while 8% subjects were stunted. Ullah et al (2014) reported results of 38% male and 32% female children are malnourished. Gul and Kibria (2013) reported that 61% boys and 40% girls were resulted as malnourished.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Dietary Intake with Nutritional Status of School-Going Children (5-10 years) in District Charsadda

Jan¹,

Khan²,

Alam³

et al. 2021

JIS

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S chool-going age is the active growing stage of individual's life span ( UNICEF, 2003). This stage of life is vital for physical growth and mental development. Balanced diet, both in terms of dietary diversity, amount and all essential nutrients intake is one of the important determinants of malnutrition in this age group (Ergin et al., 2007) While there may be differences in the prevalence and magnitude of malnutrition, children of school going age are considered a risk group for under-nutrition (Odunayo Abstract | This cross sectional study had two objectives: 1) to evaluate the nutritional status and nutrients intake of the study subject, and 2) to find out the association of nutrients intake with nutritional status. This Study was conducted in Bahlola, a rural Union Council of District Charsadda KPK. The study included 235 school-going children of both sex aged 5-10 years. A Pre-tested questionnaire was used for collection of data for the parameters: socio-demographics, anthropometrics, and dietary intake. Data on anthropometrics included measurement of weight, height and BMI. Age and anthropometrics (weight, height and BMI) were used for z-score calculation following WHO standards and using WHO AnthroPlus software. Dietary data were collected in a 24-HR Dietary Recall Questionnaire. Data were analyzed in SPSS (Version 20) and was reported in means (SD). Pearson correlation analyses were performed to establish relation between anthropometrics and nutrients intake. A p-vale<0.05 was considered as significant. Children of the current study belonged to low-middle socioeconomic class. Prevalence of malnutrition as indicated by any of the three indicators was: underweight 16.8%; stunting 27.7%; thinness 9.8 %. Correlation between age and protein and energy intake, and weight and energy and protein, showed that protein energy intake increased with increasing age and weight. Overall, both stunting and underweight were more common in girls than boys. Girls in general, had poor nutrient intake compared to boys, girls were therefore more likely to suffer from under-nutrition compared to boys.

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Malnutrition amongst Under-Five Years Children in Swat, Pakistan: Prevalence and Risk Factors

Cited by 19 publications

References 12 publications

Child Malnutrition in Pakistan: Evidence from Literature

Child Malnutrition in Pakistan: Evidence from Literature

Effect of socioeconomic factors on malnutrition among children in Pakistan

Association of Dietary Intake with Nutritional Status of School-Going Children (5-10 years) in District Charsadda

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