Malnutrition, Measles, Mortality, and the Humanitarian Response During a Famine in Ethiopia

Salama, Peter; Assefa, Fitsum; Talley, Leisel; Spiegel, Paul; Veen, Albertien van der; Gotway, Carol A.

doi:10.1001/jama.286.5.563

Cited by 138 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Food insecurity -the intervening cause of malnutrition and famine The prevalence of malnutrition in Ethiopia continues to increase, affecting primarily women and children 16 . The daily energy intake of the average Ethiopian was lower than the WFP minimum standard (2100 calories per day) 17 -20 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food security and nutrition – the Ethiopian case for action

Kaluski

Ophir

Amede³

2002

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To assess the 1999-2000 food security situation and the food relief programmes in Ethiopia, and evaluate the need for a national food and nutrition policy. Design: A systematic search of data sources from the Ethiopian Disaster Prevention and Preparedness Commission (DPPC), the Ethiopian Central Statistical Authority, the World Food Programme (WFP) and United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), the bibliographic database Medline and direct contacts with associations, institutions and people concerned with food security in Ethiopia. Setting: Consultations to WFP Ethiopia. Results: Food availability was severely restricted due to recurrent disasters such as drought, flood, war and a lack of diversity of food items. Food accessibility was limited due to a weak subsistence-agriculture-based economy, depletion of assets, absence of income diversity and a lack of alternative coping mechanisms. Food intake adequacy was rarely achieved due to food shortages, improper diet and poor sanitary conditions. There was a lack of early warning data to monitor food security indicators. Food aid programmes did not meet the requirements for food quantities and composition, and faced major obstacles in logistics and targeting of the vulnerable population. Conclusions: Improvements in food security and the eradication of famine will require investment in sustainable projects. There is an immediate need for better planning and targeting of food aid and a national food security monitoring system. A national food and nutrition policy is recommended, focusing both on relief efforts and on underlying factors contributing to the famine.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food security and nutrition – the Ethiopian case for action

Kaluski

Ophir

Amede³

2002

Public Health Nutr.

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“…Instead, humanitarian interventions usually concentrate on the provision of a narrow range of relief supplies and, to a limited extent, emergency welfare services such as health, shelter, nutrition, water and sanitation. In addition to failing to understand and address adequately the immediate nature of crises (Karim, 1996), such approaches have been criticised for potentially undermining rehab ilitation and development efforts (Anderson, 1999), while a range of disaster relief oper ations have been critiqued as having a limited impact in some emergencies (Macrae and Bradbury, 1998;Salama et al, 2001;Hammond and Maxwell, 2002). In violent settings in particular, the complex nature of vulnerabilities requires a broad range of both assistance and protection advocacy and intervention strategies in order to meet the fundamental humanitarian imperative of saving lives and reducing suffering with dignity.…”

Section: Livelihoods and Chesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Violence and complex humanitarian emergencies: implications for livelihoods models

Lautze

Raven-Roberts²

2006

Disasters

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“…18,19 During a famine in Ethiopia, measles alone or in combination with wasting accounted for 22% of 159 deaths of children under 5 years, and 17% of 72 deaths of children aged 5-14 years. 20 Progress in global control has reduced the likelihood of measles outbreaks in some regions, although outbreaks can occur in refugee and internally displaced populations with low levels of immunity or vaccination coverage.…”

Section: Measlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 More recent surveys have found similar high prevalence rates of acute malnutrition in children in complex emergencies. 20 Although much of the literature focuses on severe malnutrition, mild-to-moderate malnutrition is likely to be a significant underlying cause of death in children in complex emergencies, as it is in non-emergency situations.…”

Section: Malnutrition and Micronutrient Deficienciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Child health in complex emergencies

Moss¹

2004

Bull World Health Organ

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Coordinated and effective interventions are critical for relief efforts to be successful in addressing the health needs of children in situations of armed conflict, population displacement, and/or food insecurity. We reviewed published literature and surveyed international relief organizations engaged in child health activities in complex emergencies. Our aim was to identify research needs and improve guidelines for the care of children. Much of the literature details the burden of disease and the causes of morbidity and mortality; few interventional studies have been published. Surveys of international relief organizations showed that most use World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), and ministry of health guidelines designed for use in stable situations. Organizations were least likely to have formal guidelines on the management of asphyxia, prematurity, and infection in neonates; diagnosis and management of children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection; active case-finding and treatment of tuberculosis; paediatric trauma; and the diagnosis and management of mental-health problems in children. Guidelines often are not adapted to the different types of health-care workers who provide care in complex emergencies. Evidence-based, locally adapted guidelines for the care of children in complex emergencies should be adopted by ministries of health, supported by WHO and UNICEF, and disseminated to international relief organizations to ensure appropriate, effective, and uniform care.Keywords Child welfare; Child health services; Emergencies; Disasters; Diarrhea/therapy; Measles/epidemiology; HIV infections/ diagnosis/therapy; Malaria/prevention and control; Nutrition disorders/therapy; Infant mortality; Child mortality; Refugees; Infant, Newborn; Child; Practice guidelines; Review literature (source: MeSH, NLM). Voir page 62 le résumé en français. En la página 62 figura un resumen en español. Mots clés

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Malnutrition, Measles, Mortality, and the Humanitarian Response During a Famine in Ethiopia

Cited by 138 publications

References 23 publications

Food security and nutrition – the Ethiopian case for action

Food security and nutrition – the Ethiopian case for action

Violence and complex humanitarian emergencies: implications for livelihoods models

Child health in complex emergencies

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