Malocclusion traits and articulatory components of speech

Abstract

The aim here was to determine the effects of particular types of malocclusion including the effects of combinations of different occlusal anomalies on speech articulation. Occlusal anomalies and articulatory speech disorders, a diagnosis based on errors in place of articulation, were determined for 451 students, mean age 23 years. The present results showed that risk ratios for producing consonants too far anteriorly was greater by 4.5 times for subjects with mesial occlusion, 3.7 times for those with mandibular overjet, 3.4 times for subjects with incisal open bite and 1.7 for those with lateral cross-bite compared to individuals without those occlusal anomalies. This study suggests that incisal open bite alone is rarely associated with articulatory speech disorders, but if present they tend to be mild. Incisal open bite combined with other occlusal anomalies, especially with mesial occlusion, is related to more severe misarticulations of consonants.

Functional disorders in patients with unbalanced occlusion and articulation

“…This is related to the lower and rear position of the tongue and its loss of contact with the front of the palate and upper incisors. Unlike other studies, Laine (27) establishes more speech disorders in Class III patients with anterior crossbite compared to Class I patients with anterior open bite. In Class II, Division 1 patients, regardless of skeletal abnormalities, the tongue seems to adapt and, to a certain extent, compensates the speech disorder.…”

“…He has established that the narrowing of the upper jaw and a deep palate lead to significant deviations in palatal consonants whereas changes in the lower jaw size are not essential for sound-production. In another study (27) the same author reveals that 2/3 of surveyed patients with medial occlusion display speech disorders. This is related to the lower and rear position of the tongue and its loss of contact with the front of the palate and upper incisors.…”

“…Laine (27) records deviations in the formation of palato-alveolar consonants related to a medial bite. Kessler (29) recognizes that treatment of occlusal relationships leads to speech improvement.…”

Inconsistencies in the Differential Diagnosis of Open Bite

“…Although the usefulness of cephalometry cannot be disregarded in the evaluation of treatment results and the followup of growth and development, the information provided by cephalometry is limited to morphologic and positional relations. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22] their neglect is probably the most notable reason for the complications in diagnosing open bite and designing an appropriate treatment plan as well as for the high incidence of relapse after treatment.…”

Oral Somatosensory Perception in Skeletal Anterior Open Bite Malocclusion.

“…Previously researchers have focused on studying oral sensory impairment in subjects with defective speech, blindness, deafness, neurological disorders, edentulous states and orofacial clefts 4 .Misarticulation and lisping during speech, alterations during chewing and differences in deglutition patterns are seen in AOB subjects [5][6][7] .Structural abnormalities in AOB subjects with a skeletal component include a shorter posterior facial height, increased overall anterior facial height, increased lower facial height in relation to upper anterior face height, increased mandibular plane angles and large gonial angles 8,9 . The altered dentofacial morphology in skeletal anterior open bite (SAOB) subjects also affects the position and movements of the tongue during function 10,11 The tongue, being one of the most innervated organs in the human body, has a vital role in oral sensory perception.…”