Mamma

Bässler, R

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-59231-7_2

Cited by 12 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 1,288 publications

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“…For instance, the only malignancy (not regarding CIS) with equivocal result of 3 points in Göttingen score and with Ϫ3 points using method 2 was a mucinous carcinoma; it was evaluated by all 3 observers to be hyperintense in T2-w imaging, 39 which is given Ϫ3 points and usually considered to be a sign of benign histology. Therefore, mucinous carcinomas, although a rare histology found in breast lesions, 31 run the risk of being false-negative. Second, in lesions being rather small, inner architecture as well as septations can sometimes not be sufficiently assessed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Further Signs in the Evaluation of Magnetic Resonance Mammography

Fischer

Wurdinger

Boettcher

et al. 2005

Investigative Radiology

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The application of a second evaluation method in those cases remaining unclear in Göttingen score can lead to a decrease of uncertainty and a higher sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis in MR mammography. In this study, Göttingen score reaches a sensitivity of 83.1% and a specificity of 58.8%, increasing to a sensitivity of 97% and a specificity of 76.5% when being extended by a second evaluation method in unclear cases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Göttingen Score Criteria of Malignancy in Breast Lesions9 Septations Within the Lesions: Malignant lesions do usually not have any septations, whereas the existence of any septations is scheduled as a sign of a benign histology 31. Hook Sign: A hook-like spiculated dendrite or direct pectoral invasion showing a connection from the lesion to pectoralis muscle.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Further Signs in the Evaluation of Magnetic Resonance Mammography

Fischer

Wurdinger

Boettcher

et al. 2005

Investigative Radiology

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“…These were mainly solid benign tumors (in particular papillomas and phyllodes tumors) and inflammatory changes (24). It is well known from histopathological studies that not only malignant tumors, but also benign tumors induce angiogenesis, yet this is less pronounced for the benign tumors (29).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Adjacent Vessel Sign on Breast MRI: New Data and a Subgroup Analysis for 1,084 Histologically Verified Cases

et al. 2010

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ObjectiveThe adjacent vessel sign (AVS) is a descriptor for differentiating malignant from benign breast lesions on breast MRI (bMRI). This investigation was designed to verify the previous reports on the diagnostic accuracy of AVS and to assess correlation between AVS, histopathological diagnosis, lesion size and lesion grade.Materials and MethodsThis study was approved by the local ethical committee. Experienced radiologists evaluated 1,084 lesions. The exclusion criteria were no histological verification after bMRI and breast interventions that were done up to one year before bMRI (surgery, core biopsy, chemo- or radiation therapy). The native and dynamic contrast-enhanced T1-weighted series were acquired using standardized protocols. The AVS was rated positive if a vessel leading to a lesion could be visualized. Prevalence of an AVS was correlated with the lesions' size, grade and histology using Chi-square-tests.ResultsThe AVS was significantly associated with malignancy (p < 0.001; sensitivity: 47%, specificity: 88%, positive-predictive-value [PPV]: 85%). Malignant lesions > 2 cm more often presented with an AVS than did those malignant lesions < 2 cm (p < 0.0001; sensitivity: 65%, PPV: 90%). There was no correlation of the AVS with the tumor grade. The prevalence of an AVS didn't significantly differ between invasive lobular carcinomas versus ductal carcinomas. In situ cancers were less frequently associated with an AVS (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe adjacent vessel sign was significantly associated with malignancy. Thus, it can be used to accurately assess breast lesions on bMRI. In this study, the AVS was particularly associated with advanced and invasive carcinomas.

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“…The theory of charge recombination in organic LEDs has been elaborated recently [110][111][112][113].…”

Section: Charge Recombination and Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bässler et al [110][111][112][113] treated charge recombination in organic LEDs in terms of chemical kinetics. The probability of recombination depends on the ratio of recombination rate cn p +n p -(where c represents a bimolecular rate constant) and the transition time (t tr = d/lE) of the charge carriers through the device.…”

Section: Charge Recombination and Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid‐State Aspects of Conjugated Semiconductors

Graupner

Tasch

Leising

1999

Semiconducting Polymers

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Conjugated semiconductors can exhibit energy bandgaps of 1 eV up to several eVs depending on the choice of the (1) building blocks, (2) the number of such building blocks, and (3) their precise arrangement with respect to each other. Therefore, they cover the region of narrow bandgap materials which absorb and emit light in the infrared region (a) and show reasonable charge transport properties. However, via the visible region (b), they even extend to the ultraviolet spectral range (c), performing like inorganic wide bandgap materials. This versatility and several other advantages such as mechanical flexibility, very high photoluminescence quantum yields (PL QY), easy production of large areas outweigh the intrinsic instability of conjugated molecules to photo-oxidation. Except for applications where long-term stability is not required [1], a proper encapsulation has to be used to introduce conjugated semiconductors for technical applications; such an encapsulation is for example intrinsic to applications such as capacitors and batteries [2].This chapter is organized as follows: after a brief introduction into the class of conjugated semiconductors we will discuss the solid state properties needed in order to achieve the functionalities required for efficient device operation, based on this class of materials. Very different degrees of short and long range order can be obtained in conjugated semiconductors; we will describe them and discuss their consequences on macroscopic properties of films of these materials. Since the properties of the excited states in conjugated semiconductors are both a highly relevant question of fundamental research and essential for applications we will treat the field of excited states spectroscopy in a separate section. This section will be followed by a treatise of device aspects of light emitting devices made from conjugated molecules. Before concluding we will briefly discuss the photophysics of excitation energy transfer and the properties of highly emissive conjugated systems under high excitation densities.

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Mamma

Cited by 12 publications

References 1,288 publications

Further Signs in the Evaluation of Magnetic Resonance Mammography

Further Signs in the Evaluation of Magnetic Resonance Mammography

The Adjacent Vessel Sign on Breast MRI: New Data and a Subgroup Analysis for 1,084 Histologically Verified Cases

Solid‐State Aspects of Conjugated Semiconductors

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