Mammalian sperm nuclear organization: resiliencies and vulnerabilities

Champroux, Alexandre; Torres-Carreira, J.; Gharagozloo, Parviz; Drevet, Joël R.; Kocer, Ayhan

doi:10.1186/s12610-016-0044-5

Cited by 66 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 199 publications

(229 reference statements)

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“…Yet the haploid genome must also be primed to restore transcriptional activity following fertilization, particularly at genes important in early development. Consequently, condensation is not uniform across the haploid genome, and histones plus a more open chromatin configuration remain at several sites associated with genes involved in early embryonic development as well as zygotic origins of replication (Ward et al 2010;Champroux et al 2016;Ioannou and Tempest 2018). These findings suggest that haploid selection may act on the DNA sequence itself, altering the degree to which the DNA is locally compacted versus remains open and primed for reexpression in the diploid phase.…”

Section: Haploid Selection In Male Gametesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolutionary Consequences of Selection at the Haploid Gametic Stage

Immler¹,

Otto

2018

The American Naturalist

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As an immediate consequence of sexual reproduction, biphasic life cycles with alternating diploid and haploid phases are a common characteristic of sexually reproducing eukaryotes. Much of our focus in evolutionary biology has been directed toward dynamics in diploid or haploid populations, but we rarely consider selection occurring during both phases when studying evolutionary processes. One of the reasons for this apparent omission is the fact that many flowering plants and metazoans are predominantly diploid with a very short haploid gametic phase. While this gametic phase may be short, it can play a crucial role in fundamental processes including the rate of adaptation, the load of mutation, and the evolution of features such as recombination. In addition, if selection acts in different directions between the two phases, a genetic conflict will occur, impacting the maintenance of genetic variation. Here we provide an overview of theoretical and empirical studies investigating the importance of selection at the haploid gametic phase in predominantly diploid organisms and discuss future directions to improve our understanding of the underlying dynamics and the general implications of haploid selection.

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Section: Haploid Selection In Male Gametesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolutionary Consequences of Selection at the Haploid Gametic Stage

Immler¹,

Otto

2018

The American Naturalist

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“…In the context of human reproduction, in order to decrease ROS production, many studies suggested the likely benefits of administering some synthetic or natural antioxidants including vitamin E, melatonin, curcumin, glutathione and cysteine (Champroux, Torres‐Carreira, Gharagozloo, Drevet, & Kocer, 2016; Galli et al, 2012; Lobo, Patil, Phatak, & Chandra, 2010; Marzony, Ghanei, & Panahi, 2016; Sabeti, Pourmasumi, Rahiminia, Akyash, & Talebi, 2016; Sen & Chakraborty, 2011). However, very few studies have determined the efficacy of extracts from marine organisms in reducing ROS production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel additive for sperm cryopreservation media: Holotheria parva coelomic cavity extract protects human spermatozoa against oxidative stress—A pilot study

Khashavi¹,

Homaei

Koohnavard

et al. 2020

Andrologia

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Cryopreservation is the most effective method for preserving semen for a long period of time. However, during the freeze–thaw process, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to a steep reduction in sperm fertility indices. In this study, we tested the effects of the extract of the coelomic cavity of five Holotheria parva, a marine organism rich in antioxidants, for its ROS‐scavenging activity and cryoprotective effects on oxidative stress. Using a total of 50 semen samples, our results demonstrated that doses of 250 and 500 µg/ml of H. parva coelomic cavity extract significantly increased sperm vitality as compared to the control (p < .05). The addition of 250 µg/ml of the extract exerted a significant positive effect on sperm motility. Moreover, sperm DNA damage and ROS production were significantly reduced at extract concentrations of 250 and 500 µg/ml (p < .05). To the best of our knowledge, the results of this study represent the first demonstration of the possibility of improving sperm parameters and reducing ROS production and DNA damage by supplementing sperm freezing media with H. parva coelomic extract. Our results suggested that H. parva coelomic extract could be useful for improving the fertilising ability of frozen‐thawed human semen.

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“…These major cytological changes give rise to the tiniest mammalian cell type that has the ability to move in order to fulfil its function of delivering to its target, the oocyte, the compacted and, consequently, protected paternal genomic moiety. Up to the spermatid stage the germ cell chromatin presents a somatic organization consisting of short (147 bp) DNA segments wrapped around a histone octamer to form a nucleosome [ 1 ]. During spermiogenesis, most (but not all) canonical histone core proteins (H3, H4, H2A, and H2B) are replaced by testis-specific histone variants such as TH2B, H3t, H2AL2 & 5 [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear Integrity but Not Topology of Mouse Sperm Chromosome is Affected by Oxidative DNA Damage

Champroux

Damon-Soubeyrand

Goubely

et al. 2018

Genes

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Recent studies have revealed a well-defined higher order of chromosome architecture, named chromosome territories, in the human sperm nuclei. The purpose of this work was, first, to investigate the topology of a selected number of chromosomes in murine sperm; second, to evaluate whether sperm DNA damage has any consequence on chromosome architecture. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization, confocal microscopy, and 3D-reconstruction approaches we demonstrate that chromosome positioning in the mouse sperm nucleus is not random. Some chromosomes tend to occupy preferentially discrete positions, while others, such as chromosome 2 in the mouse sperm nucleus are less defined. Using a mouse transgenic model (Gpx5−/−) of sperm nuclear oxidation, we show that oxidative DNA damage does not disrupt chromosome organization. However, when looking at specific nuclear 3D-parameters, we observed that they were significantly affected in the transgenic sperm, compared to the wild-type. Mild reductive DNA challenge confirmed the fragility of the organization of the oxidized sperm nucleus, which may have unforeseen consequences during post-fertilization events. These data suggest that in addition to the sperm DNA fragmentation, which is already known to modify sperm nucleus organization, the more frequent and, to date, the less highly-regarded phenomenon of sperm DNA oxidation also affects sperm chromatin packaging.

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Mammalian sperm nuclear organization: resiliencies and vulnerabilities

Cited by 66 publications

References 199 publications

The Evolutionary Consequences of Selection at the Haploid Gametic Stage

The Evolutionary Consequences of Selection at the Haploid Gametic Stage

Novel additive for sperm cryopreservation media: Holotheria parva coelomic cavity extract protects human spermatozoa against oxidative stress—A pilot study

Nuclear Integrity but Not Topology of Mouse Sperm Chromosome is Affected by Oxidative DNA Damage

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