Mammary Cancer Induced by a Single Feeding of Polynuclear Hydrocarbons, and its Suppression

Huggins, Charles; Grand, Lorraine C.; Brillantes, Filomena P.

doi:10.1038/189204a0

Cited by 693 publications

(260 citation statements)

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“…Geschickter (1943) described fibroadenomas containing adenoid proliferations, and Bagg and Hagopian (1939) noted that some fibroadenomas seemed to arise in adenomas. The spontaneous lesions studied by Wright, Klinck and Wolfe (1940) (Bielschowsky., 1947Huggins et al, 1961 and this is wellpronounced when treatment starts at the age of 6 months. As far as it is kniown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and that D1MBA treated rats developed fibroadenomatous tumour, rather than carcinomas. Other workers obtainied mainly mammarv adenocarcinomas when DMBA was used (Huggins et al, 1961Howell, 1959. Geyer et al (1951) and Geyer et al (1953) found mainly adeniocareinomas when high doses of DMBA were given but when lower doses were employed proportionately more fibroadenomas resulted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Group B.-16 Wistars, 8 piebalds and 8 black rats were each given a single gastric instillation of DMBA (Huggins, Grand and Brillantes, 1961) by means of a 17-gauge needle tipped by a smooth soft metal perforated bulb and connected to a syringe. Each rat received 1 mg. of DMBA per 7 g. of body weight.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The histogenesis of mammary tumours induced in the rat by chemical carcinogens

Pj¹

1965

Br J Cancer

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WHEREAS many studies deal with the histogenesis of mammary tumours in mice and in man (Bonser, Dossett and Jull, 1961), the literature contains relatively little information on the development of breast tumours in the rat (Noble and Cutts, 1959). Geschickter (1943) described the early neoplastic lesions induced by chronic oestrogenic stimulation but later studies employing chemical carcinogens for the induction of breast tumours were primarily concerned with the histology of advanced neoplasms (Ross, Scarf and Skoryna, 1953;Young et al.. 1963). It was the purpose of the experiments presented in this paper to fill the gap.The biological behaviour and endocrine response of rat mammary cancers indicate a greater similarity to human disease than those of the mouse (Huggins, 1960). In the human, mammary carcinoma arises most frequently in the ducts and ductules (Cheatle and Cutler, 1931; Muir, 1941), whereas in the mouse most carcinomas are of acinar origin (Bonser, 1945(Bonser, , 1954. The question therefore arose whether or not some interconnection existed between site of origin and biological behaviour-i.e. did mammary carcinoma in the rat arise preferentially in ductal structures?For the induction of breast tumours the three compounds, 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF), 20-methyl-cholanthrene (MC) and 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) were chosen. The three locally available strains of rats were tested for their response to these carcinogens in preliminary trials. Wistar rats were the most susceptible and were subsequently used in the majority of experiments. MATERIALS AND METHODSOne hundred and twenty-six female rats were used in this study. The aniimals were divided into 5 experimental groups and treated as follows:Group A.-56 Wistar rats received 2-AAF in a wet diet for 13 weeks (4 mg. 2-AAF per rat per day for 9 weeks then 2 mg. per day per rat for 4 weeks). Seven of these animals were subjected to left-sided nipplectomies (6 nipples) under ether anaesthesia with prior removal of the hair from the pelt by the application of barium sulphide paste.Group B.-16 Wistars, 8 piebalds and 8 black rats were each given a single gastric instillation of DMBA (Huggins, Grand and Brillantes, 1961) by means of a 17-gauge needle tipped by a smooth soft metal perforated bulb and connected to a syringe. Each rat received 1 mg. of DMBA per 7 g. of body weight. The DMBA dose of 15-17 mg. was dissolved in 1 ml. of warm almond oil.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The histogenesis of mammary tumours induced in the rat by chemical carcinogens

Pj¹

1965

Br J Cancer

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“…This aim had been achieved in our previous studies in which 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) had been used as the carcinogen Prichard, 1961, 1964c (Dao and Sunderland, 1959;Huggins et al, 1959Huggins et al, , 1961Sterental et at., 1963;Young, Cowan and Sutherland, 1963) for similar tumours because, although the intense mitotic activity often seen suggests malignancy (Foulds, 1961), the tumours do not give rise to distant metastases). These adenomata formed the smallest group of the three tumour types and were in general the earliest tumours to develop, most of them appearing within 6 months of the carcinogen feeding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since this method has such obvious practical advantages over that requiring repeated doses of 3-methylcholanthrene (Huggins, Briziarelli and Sutton, 1959;Dao and Sunderland,1959 ;Prichard, 1961, 1964c) we decided to use it in continuing our studies on experimentally induced mammary tumours . In this paper we report the results of our first group of experiments with this carcinogen.…”

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confidence: 99%

Three Types of Mammary Tumour Induced in Rats by Feeding with DMBA

Daniel¹,

Prichard²

1964

Br J Cancer

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IN 1961 Huggins and his colleagues (Huggins, Grand and Brillantes, 1961) reported that mammary tumours could be induced rapidly and reliably in rats by means of a single dose of 20 mg. 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (English notation 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene) given by stomach tube. Since this method has such obvious practical advantages over that requiring repeated doses of 3-methylcholanthrene (Huggins, Briziarelli and Sutton, 1959; Dao and Sunderland,1959 ;Prichard, 1961, 1964c) we decided to use it in continuing our studies on experimentally induced mammary tumours . In this paper we report the results of our first group of experiments with this carcinogen. METHODSFifty-one female Sprague-Dawley rats, bred in our own laboratories, were used. After weaning the rats had no access to males at any time. At the age of 50 days (± 1 day) they were given 20 mg. 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene (DMBA), dissolved, in 1 ml. sesame oil, by stomach tube. Thereafter the rats were palpated at weekly intervals to determine whether any tumours had developed. The presence of a palpable tumour was not recorded until a nodule as large as a pea (0 8-1*0 cm.) was felt. Soon after a tumour had attained this size a biopsy specimen was taken, under ether anaesthesia, for microscopic examination, and at this time 6 of the rats were subjected to hypophysectomy and 15 others to bilateral ovariectomy; the remaining rats received no treatment; in a few cases further biopsy specimens were taken of the tumours. The feeding and general care of the animals was as described in our previous papers. Most of the rats were kept for periods ranging from 6 to 15 months after the date of the carcinogen feeding, the termination of the experiment in each animal depending on various circumstances, e.g., the development of intercurrent infection, the excessive growth of a tumour or the need to search for and examine microscopically the remnant of a tumour which had regressed after one of the operations mentioned above. The rats were finally killed with chloroform, and with a few exceptions a detailed autopsy was carried out, all tumours that were found being taken for microscopic examination. In many instances tumours too small for identification by palpation were discovered to be present at autopsy. From most animals several macroscopically normal mammary glands were taken for histological study. A search for metastases was also regularly made.

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Synthetic Estrogen-Progestin Combinations

McSweeney¹,

Fletcher²

1969

Arch Surg

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Mammary Cancer Induced by a Single Feeding of Polynuclear Hydrocarbons, and its Suppression

Cited by 693 publications

References 5 publications

The histogenesis of mammary tumours induced in the rat by chemical carcinogens

The histogenesis of mammary tumours induced in the rat by chemical carcinogens

Three Types of Mammary Tumour Induced in Rats by Feeding with DMBA

Synthetic Estrogen-Progestin Combinations

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