Mammographic appearance of the breasts during pregnancy and lactation: False assumptions

Swinford, Ann; Adler, Dorit D.; Garver, Kimberly A.

doi:10.1016/s1076-6332(98)80186-4

Cited by 42 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…However, high-density parenchyma is not seen in all patients. Furthermore, some pregnant or lactating patients have unchanged breast density compared with baseline mammographic findings (14). In lactating women, mammography should be performed immediately after breastfeeding, when breast density has decreased.…”

Section: Radiologic Evaluation Of the Breast During Pregnancy And Lacmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiologic Evaluation of Breast Disorders Related to Pregnancy and Lactation

Sabaté

Clotet²,

Torrubia³

et al. 2007

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During pregnancy and lactation, the breast can be affected by a variety of specific and unique disorders, including benign disorders closely related to physiologic changes, inflammatory and infectious diseases, juvenile papillomatosis, and benign and malignant tumors. Patients with pregnancy-associated breast carcinoma tend to have more advanced neoplasms at diagnosis and a poorer prognosis due to delayed diagnosis and a more aggressive biologic pattern. Pregnancy-related Burkitt lymphoma characteristically manifests with bilateral and diffuse involvement of the breasts. Fibroadenoma may manifest with growth, infarction, large cysts, prominent ducts, and secretory hyperplasia during pregnancy and lactation. Galactocele is the breast lesion most commonly found during lactation and manifests as either pseudolipoma, a cystic mass with a fat-fluid level, or pseudohamartoma. Tumors and diseases affecting the breasts during pregnancy and lactation are basically the same as those observed in nonpregnant women but may have a different appearance. The sensitivity of mammography in pregnant and lactating women is decreased due to increased parenchymal density. Instead, ultrasonography is the most appropriate radiologic method for evaluating breast masses in this setting and is particularly useful in the diagnosis and treatment of abscesses. Knowledge of the unique entities that are specifically related to pregnancy and lactation and of their radiologic-pathologic appearances can help the radiologist make the correct diagnosis.

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Section: Radiologic Evaluation Of the Breast During Pregnancy And Lacmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiologic Evaluation of Breast Disorders Related to Pregnancy and Lactation

Sabaté

Clotet²,

Torrubia³

et al. 2007

RadioGraphics

209

204

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“…In rare instance when galactocele presents as a solid tumor, multiple differential diagnosis including benign fibroadenoma and invasive carcinoma should be considered [3, 10]. In general, an ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) and/or core needle biopsy should be performed if a lesion does not have the typical imaging appearance of galactocele or a benign breast lesion in a lactating woman [2, 11]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Galactocele in the Axillary Accessory Breast Mimicking Suspicious Solid Mass on Ultrasound

Farrokh

Alamdaran

Yousefi

et al. 2017

Case Reports in Obstetrics and Gynecology

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Galactoceles are the most common benign breast lesions during breastfeeding period that can mimic carcinomas. We report a galactocele with malignant appearance on ultrasound in the accessory breast. The patient was a 32-year-old lactating woman presented to our hospital for considerable swelling in the left axilla. Ultrasound examination revealed a hypoechoic mass with heterogeneous echogenicity and irregular shape and margins. Sonography-guided aspiration was performed. Aspiration of milky fluid and resolution of the axillary lump after aspiration confirmed the diagnosis of galactocele. Galactocele can present as a suspicious tumoral lesion in the axillary accessory breast and diagnostic aspiration can help in correct diagnosis of this rare lesion in the accessory breast.

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“…Ultrasound findings are usually consistent with a benign process but are nonspecific (7) , including low echogenicity (4) . Lactating adenoma most often manifests as an oval mass, the longest axis being parallel to the skin, with well-defined borders, a homogenous texture, and posterior acoustic shadowing.…”

Section: Common Benign Lesionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although an increase in breast density limits the use of mammography (4) , there is no consensus as to whether the evaluation of the image is so compromised during pregnancy and lactation that the use mammography should be avoided when it is clinically indicated (7) . However, because of the risk that ionizing radiation poses to the fetus during the first trimester of pregnancy (i.e., during organogenesis), mammography should be avoided during that period, although it has been shown that there is an association with malformations only when the irradiation is approximately 2 million times higher than the norm (4) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound findings of the physiological changes and most common breast diseases during pregnancy and lactation

et al. 2016

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Because of the physiological changes that occur during pregnancy and lactation, diagnostic ultrasound of the breast during these periods is a challenge for physicians. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of imaging, anatomy, and physiology of the breast is important to effectively diagnosing diseases that can arise in women who are pregnancy or lactating. The aim of this article was to review the physiological changes that occur in the breasts during pregnancy and lactation, as well as to describe the main features of the breast diseases that occur most frequently during these periods.

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Mammographic appearance of the breasts during pregnancy and lactation: False assumptions

Cited by 42 publications

References 5 publications

Radiologic Evaluation of Breast Disorders Related to Pregnancy and Lactation

Radiologic Evaluation of Breast Disorders Related to Pregnancy and Lactation

Galactocele in the Axillary Accessory Breast Mimicking Suspicious Solid Mass on Ultrasound

Ultrasound findings of the physiological changes and most common breast diseases during pregnancy and lactation

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