Mammographic breast density as a biomarker of effects of isoflavones on the female breast

Atkinson, Charlotte; Bingham, Sheila

doi:10.1186/bcr410

Cited by 32 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In recent years, there has been increasing interest in breast density as a risk factor for breast cancer, as a potential marker for changes in the breast and as a criterion for inclusion in prevention trials (Warner et al, 1992;Sala et al, 1998;Harrison et al, 2002;Warwick et al, 2003). Radiologically dense breasts are known to be associated with increased risk of breast cancer (Warner et al, 1992;Sala et al, 1998), to be associated with other risk factors for breast cancer (Jakes et al, 2000;Warwick et al, 2003) and to be amenable to exogenous hormonal stimuli (Atkinson et al, 1999;Atkinson and Bingham, 2002;Greendale et al, 2003).The last phenomenon is of particular interest. Increased density (i.e.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Interaction of dense breast patterns with other breast cancer risk factors in a case–control study

Duffy

Jakes

et al. 2004

Br J Cancer

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The question of interactions between breast density and other breast cancer risk factors is of interest, since it bears upon the use of density as a marker for changes in breast cancer risk. We studied breast parenchymal patterns and 13 other potential risk factors for breast cancer in 172 breast cancer cases and 338 age-matched controls in Singapore. Dense breast patterns were defined as having Tabar parenchymal pattern IV or V. We found significant interactions between dense patterns and ethnic group (P ¼ 0.046), and between dense patterns and number of deliveries (P ¼ 0.04). Among women with nondense breast patterns, the non-Chinese had lower risk than the Chinese with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.47 (95% CI 0.24, 0.88), whereas in those with dense patterns, the nonChinese had considerably higher risks (OR ¼ 5.34, 95% CI 0.54, 52.51). Alternatively expressed, the increased risk with dense patterns was only observed in the non-Chinese (OR ¼ 13.99, 95% CI 1.33, 146.99). Among parous women, the protective effect of three or more deliveries was only observed in those with dense breast patterns (OR ¼ 0.21, 95% CI 0.06, 0.70). Suggestive but nonsignificant interactions with dense patterns were observed for ever having delivered, age at first delivery, breast feeding and body mass index. The results are consistent with dense breast patterns as a marker for hormonal modification of breast cancer risk. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in breast density as a risk factor for breast cancer, as a potential marker for changes in the breast and as a criterion for inclusion in prevention trials (Warner et al, 1992;Sala et al, 1998;Harrison et al, 2002;Warwick et al, 2003). Radiologically dense breasts are known to be associated with increased risk of breast cancer (Warner et al, 1992;Sala et al, 1998), to be associated with other risk factors for breast cancer (Jakes et al, 2000;Warwick et al, 2003) and to be amenable to exogenous hormonal stimuli (Atkinson et al, 1999;Atkinson and Bingham, 2002;Greendale et al, 2003).The last phenomenon is of particular interest. Increased density (i.e. high-risk pattern) is associated with preparations such as hormone replacement therapy, which increases exposure to oestrogens (Greendale et al, 2003) and therefore risk of breast cancer, and decreased density is associated with preparations such as tamoxifen or isoflavones, which reduce oestrogen exposure and breast cancer risk (Atkinson et al, 1999;Greendale et al, 2003). This suggests that breast density may be of use as an interim marker of response to hormonal chemoprevention therapy. The fundamental issue to be resolved is whether an induced change in breast density automatically confers the corresponding change in breast cancer risk. This may be ascertained by substudies within the chemoprevention trials such as IBIS (Cuzick et al, 2002;Warwick et al, 2003). In the meantime, however, some clues can be gained by studying the interrelationships of dense breast patterns, hormonal and other risk factors, and occurrence of br...

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Radiologically dense breasts are known to be associated with increased risk of breast cancer (Warner et al, 1992;Sala et al, 1998), to be associated with other risk factors for breast cancer (Jakes et al, 2000;Warwick et al, 2003) and to be amenable to exogenous hormonal stimuli (Atkinson et al, 1999;Atkinson and Bingham, 2002;Greendale et al, 2003).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of dense breast patterns with other breast cancer risk factors in a case–control study

Duffy

Jakes

et al. 2004

Br J Cancer

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In einer Doppelblindstudie, mit Placebo und Estradiolkontrolle wurde hingegen gezeigt, dass nach einjähriger Sojagabe die Brustgewebsdichte reduziert war. Im Gegensatz dazu wurde unter Estradiol eine Verdichtung gefunden [52].…”

Section: Brustkrebsunclassified

Phytoöstrogene – eine Alternative zur Standardhormonersatztherapie?

et al. 2002

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Phytoestrogensan alternative to standard hormone replacement therapy? AbstractDue to some severe side effects,"classic"hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is currently being challenged by therapy with phytoestrogens.Particularly soy-and red cloverderived isoflavones are advertised as selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) with only desired and no undesired estrogenic effects.Evidence that this is the case however is scarce.Most studies investigating climacteric complaints did not find beneficial effects.A proposed beneficial effect on mammary cancer is unproven.The majority of studies however indicate an antiosteoporotic effect of isoflavones, while putative beneficial effects in the cardiovascular system are questionable due to the fact that estradiol, which -like isoflavones -increases HDL and decreases LDL concentrations, does not appear to prevent arteriosclerosis in humans.In the urogenital tract, including the vagina, soy-and red clover-derived isoflavones exert no effects.Cimicifuga racemosa extracts are traditionally used for the treatment of climacteric complaints.Evidence is now available that the as yet unknown compounds in Cimicifuga racemosa extracts prevent climacteric complaints and may also have antiosteoporotic effects.

show abstract

“…The latter has focused mostly on possible estrogen-like effects of the isoflavones [2]. There is research for both sides of the argument based on mammary tumor studies in rodents [4][5][6][7], though most work in cell culture supports antibreast cancer effects for soy isoflavones [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The isoflavones in soy products have been given considerable attention in regard to breast cancer, both for prevention and for increasing risk [1][2][3][4]. The latter has focused mostly on possible estrogen-like effects of the isoflavones [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soy isoflavone supplementation elevates erythrocyte superoxide dismutase, but not plasma ceruloplasmin in postmenopausal breast cancer survivors

DiSilvestro

Goodman

et al. 2005

Breast Cancer Res Treat

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Soy isoflavone antioxidant effects may help prevent breast cancer re-occurrence, but isoflavone estrogen-like actions may increase breast cancer risk. These isoflavone actions can be reflected by effects on two copper enzymes activities, superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD 1), which has antioxidant function relevant to breast cancer prevention, and ceruloplasmin, which has its synthesis up-regulated by estrogen, and for which high values are associated with high breast cancer risk. A soy isoflavone-rich concentrate supplement was examined for effects on these two copper enzyme activities in post-menopausal breast cancer survivors (n = 7) in a crossover design with a placebo (24 days on supplement or placebo; 14 day wash out). The soy concentrate, but not the placebo, increased erythrocyte SOD 1 activities, but not ceruloplasmin activities or protein. The effect on superoxide dismutase activities was not likely due to increased copper intake since analysis of the soy extract showed little copper. The effect on superoxide dismutase was not accompanied by a change in urinary contents of 8-deoxyhydroxyguanosine, a DNA oxidant product, though perhaps this would change with a longer intervention. In summary, in regard to two copper enzyme activities, an isoflavone-rich soy concentrate showed an antioxidant effect considered relevant to breast cancer, but not an effect associated with estrogenic activity and increased breast cancer risk.

show abstract

Mammographic breast density as a biomarker of effects of isoflavones on the female breast

Cited by 32 publications

References 20 publications

Interaction of dense breast patterns with other breast cancer risk factors in a case–control study

Interaction of dense breast patterns with other breast cancer risk factors in a case–control study

Phytoöstrogene – eine Alternative zur Standardhormonersatztherapie?

Soy isoflavone supplementation elevates erythrocyte superoxide dismutase, but not plasma ceruloplasmin in postmenopausal breast cancer survivors

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About