Man-made plutonium in environment — possible serious hazard for living species

Perelygin, V.P.; Chuburkov, Yu.T.

doi:10.1016/s1350-4487(97)00105-4

Cited by 27 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…2 These elements can be ingested daily with food and drinking water at low concentration levels. For example, the concentration of uranium in natural waters 3 varies in the range 0.1-10 mg L À1 but mineral waters can contain uranium at a concentration as high as 40 mgL À1 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Determination of U, Th and Pu in natural waters, biological materials and clinical samples by ETV-ICP-MS

Grinberg

Willie

Sturgeon

2005

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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Access and use of this website and the material on it are subject to the Terms and Conditions set forth at Vous avez des questions? Nous pouvons vous aider. Pour communiquer directement avec un auteur, consultez la première page de la revue dans laquelle son article a été publié afin de trouver ses coordonnées. Si vous n'arrivez pas à les repérer, communiquez avec nous à PublicationsArchive-ArchivesPublications@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca. Determination of U, Th and Pu in natural waters, biological materials and clinical samples by ETV-ICP-MS Questions? Contact the NRC Publications Archive team atPublicationsArchive-ArchivesPublications@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca. If you wish to email the authors directly, please see the first page of the publication for their contact information. NRC Publications Archive Archives des publications du CNRCThis publication could be one of several versions: author's original, accepted manuscript or the publisher's version. / La version de cette publication peut être l'une des suivantes : la version prépublication de l'auteur, la version acceptée du manuscrit ou la version de l'éditeur. For the publisher's version, please access the DOI link below./ Pour consulter la version de l'éditeur, utilisez le lien DOI ci-dessous.http://doi.org/10.1039/b502550hJournal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 20, 8, pp. 717-723, 2005 Determination of U, Th and Pu in natural waters, biological A method for the determination of U, Th and Pu in natural water, biological materials and urine samples by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ETV-ICP-MS) is described. Carbide formation was minimized using sample vaporization from a tantalum surface for U and additional use of tetrafluoromethane (Freon-23) as a gaseous modifier for Th and Pu. A prior Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 coprecipitation provided an enrichment factor of 50, yielding procedural detection limits (LOD) of 0.013, 0.029 and 0.017 pg g À1 for Th, U and Pu, respectively and corresponding absolute LODs of 0.13, 0.29 and 0.17 fg. Recovery of spikes from urine was typically 80%, whereas those from seawater, river water and biological materials averaged 99%. The accuracy of the method was validated by determination of U and Th in NIST SRM 1566b Oyster Tissue and U in a series of NRC natural water CRMs SLRS-4, CASS-4, NASS-5 and SLEW-3. Precision of determination was better than 10% at concentrations of 0.1 ng mL À1.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of U, Th and Pu in natural waters, biological materials and clinical samples by ETV-ICP-MS

Grinberg

Willie

Sturgeon

2005

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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“…The complete record of fission products and actinides can be obtained using, mass spectrometry (very good detection limits) as compared to radiometric methods [25][26][27][28][29]. Due to peculiar physical and geochemical reasons the Pu concentration reaches 10 -12 to 10 -13 g/g in soils of the Northern hemisphere [30] but the concentrations would be higher in the regions contaminated with accidental fallout from nuclear reprocessing plants and nuclear power plants, e.g. in the Ural region (Russia) and Chernobyl (Ukraine) [31,32] Pu is a beta emitter with a half-life of ~14.4 years.…”

Section: Applications In Nuclear Industrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass Spectrometry: A Boon to Nuclear Industry

Ramkumar¹

2014

J Anal Bioanal Tech

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What is Mass Spectrometry?Mass spectrometry is analytical instrument which has been used for more than a century with its initial work on mass charge ratio being carried out by W. Wien, J.J. Thomson, and other physicists [1]. Mass Spectroscopy is an analytical laboratory technique to separate the components of a sample by their mass. The sample is vaporized into a gas and then ionized. The ions are then accelerated through a potential difference and focused into a beam. The ion beam passes through a magnetic field which bends the charged stream. Lighter components or components with more ionic charge will deflect in the field more than heavier or less charged components. A detector counts the number of ions at different deflections and the data can be plotted as a 'spectrum' of different masses. Therefore it is clear that mass spectrometer performs a simple measurement that of mass. The earlier work in the measurement of mass had led to the discovery of isotopes and it was in the 1930s that these measurements were correlated to the chemical structures and therefore were used extensively for biological applications for the characterization of natural products. Further progress in the field of mass spectrometry including isotopic labeling methods, hyphenated techniques and softer ionization methods made it an ideal tool for the analysis of macromolecules [2]. With the various fields that employ mass spectrometry growing in number, nuclear industry is also an important area wherein applications of mass spectrometry exist. Chronological Development in Mass spectrometryThe earliest mass spectrometry was in 1897 with the discovery of electrons made by J.J.Thomson. Around 1919, the observation studies of isotopes using mass spectrometry were carried out by F.W. Aston created a mass spectrometer in which ions were dispersed by mass and focused by velocity. This design improved the mass spectrometer resolving power by an order of magnitude compared to that achieved by AbstractMass spectrometry is a versatile technique that is used for the determination of elements at the trace and ultratrace level along with the isotope ratios. The accuracy in the quantification of isotope ratios of radionuclides is essential for environmental monitoring, migration studies, dating, determination of burn-up of fuel, nuclear material accounting and radioactive waste control. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is advantageous due to its outstanding sensitivity, precision and good accuracy for isotope ratio measurements and enhanced figures of merit for the determination of isotope ratio measurements. These advantages can be enhanced by various other variations of ICP-MS like the use of a multiple ion collector device (MC-ICP-MS). The review gives an idea of the various applications in the nuclear field and touches upon some of the important elements used in nuclear industry.

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“…236 U and 239 Pu are present in environmental samples at ultra trace levels ( 236 U concentration is quoted to be in the order of pg/kg or fg/kg and 239 Pu around 100 pg/kg) and are long-lived radionuclides (Perelygin & Chuburkov, 1997).…”

Section: Alpha-spectroscopy and Mass Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin and Detection of Actinides: Where Do We Stand with the Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Technique?

Cesare¹

2011

Nuclear Power - Control, Reliability and Human Factors

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Man-made plutonium in environment — possible serious hazard for living species

Cited by 27 publications

References 5 publications

Determination of U, Th and Pu in natural waters, biological materials and clinical samples by ETV-ICP-MS

Determination of U, Th and Pu in natural waters, biological materials and clinical samples by ETV-ICP-MS

Mass Spectrometry: A Boon to Nuclear Industry

Origin and Detection of Actinides: Where Do We Stand with the Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Technique?

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