Management-Induced Changes to Soil Organic Carbon in China

Zhao, Xin; Zhang, Ran; Xue, Jian-Fu; Pu, Chao; Zhang, Xiangqian; Liu, Shengli; Chen, Fu; Lal, Rattan; Zhang, Hailin

doi:10.1016/bs.agron.2015.06.002

Cited by 63 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…Our meta‐analysis suggests a small but significant decrease in SOC content by ZT at >10‐cm depth. Another meta‐analysis on Chinese soils revealed increases in SOC was primarily in the surface layer and decreased with depth (Zhao et al, ). The meta‐regression statistics confirmed a gradual increase in SOC in 0‐ to 5‐ or 0‐ to 10‐cm layer but a steady decrease of the same in 10 to 20‐cm layer following an uninterrupted ZT practice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The climatic classification was made as tropical, subtropical, and temperate, corresponding to 0° to 20°, 20° to 30°, and 30° to 66° latitudes, respectively (Pittelkow et al, ). The duration under ZT was classified into <6, 6–10, 11–15, 16–20, and >20 years following Zhao et al (), with little modification. Duration with <6 years are short‐term studies, whereas 6–10 and 11–15 years are taken as medium and relatively long duration experiments, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The climatic classification was made as tropical, subtropical, and temperate, corresponding to 0 to 20 , 20 to 30 , and 30 to 66 latitudes, respectively (Pittelkow et al, 2015). The duration under ZT was classified into <6, 6-10, 11-15, 16-20, and >20 years following Zhao et al (2015), with little modifi- Soil textural class was taken as mentioned in the study or otherwise obtained from sand-silt-clay contents as per the United States Department of Agriculture system. Soils were classified into three major textural groups (Shirazi et al, 2001): clayey (sandy clay, silty clay, and clay), loamy (sandy clay loam, silty clay loam, clay loam, silt, silt loam, loam, and sandy loam), and sandy (loamy sand and sand).…”

Section: Database Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A global analysis of the impact of zero‐tillage on soil physical condition, organic carbon content, and plant root response

et al. 2020

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Food security involves the sustainable utilization of soil and land resources. Zero‐tillage (ZT) practice is a proponent of better resource utilization, to improve soil physical condition, and a potential sink to atmospheric carbon. However, the impact varies across climates, over the ZT history, cropping systems, and soil depths. A meta‐analysis was performed, based on 4,131 paired data from 522 studies spread globally, to evaluate the effect of ZT in comparison to conventional tillage, on soil physical condition (bulk density; mean weight diameter of aggregates; field capacity water content; and steady‐state infiltration rate), soil organic carbon (SOC) content, and the root response (root length density). Zero‐tillage significantly improved mean weight diameter of aggregates and field capacity water content at surface and subsurface layers by 19–58% and 6–16%, respectively, and resulted in no change in bulk density in either of the layers, but infiltration rate increased by 66%. Surface 0‐ to 5‐ and 5‐ to 10‐cm layers had significantly higher SOC content under ZT, whereas in other layers, the SOC content either reduced or did not change, resulting in a small and insignificant variation in the SOC stock (~1.1%) in favor of ZT. The root length density improved by ~35% in ZT only at 0‐ to 5‐cm soil depth. Effect of climate, soil type, or cropping system could not be broadly recognized, but the impact of ZT certainly increased over time. Improvements in soil aggregation and hydraulic properties are highly convincing with the adoption of ZT, and therefore, this practice leads to the better and sustainable use of soil resources.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Database Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A global analysis of the impact of zero‐tillage on soil physical condition, organic carbon content, and plant root response

et al. 2020

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“…Furthermore, it was estimated that cumulative manure-C input resulted in a relative SOC change factor of 1.26 ± 0.14 (95 % confidence interval). Another metaanalysis by compiling a data set of 83 studies identified the effects of improved farming practices on SOC sequestration in China (Zhao et al, 2015) and indicated that SOC concentration and stocks at 0-30 cm depth were significantly increased under organic fertilization compared to under no fertilization and chemical fertilization. Although our previous results had shown that manure amendments enhanced reactive components of minerals (i.e., ferrihydrite and allophane) in soils by selective extraction methods, spectroscopies, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) observation (Yu et al, 2012;Wen et al, 2014a and b;Huang et al, 2016), little is known about the impacts of different fertilization practices on the in situ associations between reactive minerals and SOC in soil colloids at submicron scale.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

New strategies for submicron characterization the carbon binding of reactive minerals in long-term contrasting fertilized soils: implications for soil carbon storage

Xiao¹,

He²,

Hao³

et al. 2016

Biogeosciences

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Mineral binding is a major mechanism for soil carbon (C) stabilization. However, the submicron information about the in situ mechanisms of different fertilization practices affecting organo-mineral complexes and associated C preservation remains unclear. Here, we applied nano-scale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (XAFS) to examine differentiating effects of inorganic versus organic fertilization on interactions between highly reactive minerals and soil C preservation. To examine such interactions, soils and their extracted colloids were collected during a 24-year longterm fertilization period (1990-2014) (no fertilization, control; chemical nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilization, NPK; and NPK plus swine manure fertilization, NPKM). The results for different fertilization conditions showed a ranked soil organic matter concentration with NPKM > NPK > control. Meanwhile, oxalateextracted Al (Al o ), Fe (Fe o ), short-range ordered Al (Al xps ), Fe (Fe xps ), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) ranked with NPKM > control > NPK, but the ratios of DOC / Al xps and DOC / Fe xps ranked with NPKM > NPK > control. Compared with the NPK treatment, the NPKM treatment enhanced the C-binding loadings of Al and Fe minerals in soil colloids at the submicron scale. Furthermore, a greater concentration of highly reactive Al and Fe minerals was presented under NPKM than under NPK. Together, these submicron-scale findings suggest that both the reactive mineral species and their associations with C are differentially affected by 24-year long-term inorganic and organic fertilization.

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“…It can therefore play an important role in climate change mitigation in achieving the Paris Agreement's target of 1.5 • C [20]. Thus, this effect has been widely studied in agroecosystems (e.g., [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]). The ability of soils to accumulate organic carbon (C) and to reduce CO 2 emissions from soil has left aside the effect of the variation of SOC content on other soil ecosystem functions and ecosystem services.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Holistic View of Soils in Delivering Ecosystem Services in Forests: A Case Study in South Korea

Vicente-Vicente

Fuss

Song

et al. 2019

Forests

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In 1955, after the Korean War, only 35% of the national land area in South Korea was covered by forests. In the 1960s, the Korean Government implemented the national forestation program in order to increase the extent of the forest surface and thereby counteract the negative ecological consequences from deforestation, such as erosion and ground instability. According to previous studies, this led to an increase in carbon (C) accumulated in the forest biomass of 1.48 Gt CO 2 (0.40 Gt C) in the period 1954-2012. However, these studies did not take into account the amount of soil organic carbon (SOC) that was accumulated during that period and the influence of management practices on soil ecosystem services. Currently, South Korean authorities are considering the idea of implementing some forest management practices in order to increase timber extraction (e.g., by reducing the cutting age of the trees or by applying thinning and tending measures). In this study, we assess the influence of these management regimes on SOC dynamics and propose a theoretical framework to assess the influence of forest management practices on three ecosystem services, namely, C sequestration, water supply, and biomass production, while considering soil functioning, and especially SOC, as a group of supporting services underpinning the three named ecosystem services. We find that, in terms of SOC sequestration, reducing the cutting age from 80 to 40 years would be suitable only in the case of high biomass production forests, whereas in the case of lower biomass production forests reducing the cutting age would achieve very low SOC levels. However, we propose that increasing tree species diversity, even though it would not lead to a direct increase in the SOC content, could help to lessen the negative effects of reducing the cutting age by improving other soil properties, which in turn positively affect soil functioning (e.g., soil biodiversity, nutrient availability) and the resilience of the forest ecosystem. Finally, we discuss potential policy approaches to incentivize sustainable management practices in South Korean forests from a soil protection perspective.

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Management-Induced Changes to Soil Organic Carbon in China

Cited by 63 publications

References 99 publications

A global analysis of the impact of zero‐tillage on soil physical condition, organic carbon content, and plant root response

A global analysis of the impact of zero‐tillage on soil physical condition, organic carbon content, and plant root response

New strategies for submicron characterization the carbon binding of reactive minerals in long-term contrasting fertilized soils: implications for soil carbon storage

A Holistic View of Soils in Delivering Ecosystem Services in Forests: A Case Study in South Korea

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