Management of Breeding in Small Poultry Production Units

Clark, Michael

doi:10.1016/b978-0-7020-7233-8.00030-6

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Sensory fibres detect skin temperature where there is skin-to-egg contact. If the hen's body temperature falls she will shiver to generate heat and increase her metabolism to ensure that eggs are at the optimal temperature for incubation (Clark, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behaviour, physiology and body mass of Nigerian indigenous hens during brooding

Iyasere

Ajayi

Alade

et al. 2019

Agricultura Tropica Et Subtropica

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This study was conducted to investigate the behaviour, selected physiological indicators and body mass changes in Nigerian indigenous broody hens. The times spent by the hens sitting on eggs and on ingestive behaviours (feeding and drinking) were monitored between 14:00 and 18:00 h twice per week for three weeks. The growth and physiological indicators monitored were body mass, rectal temperature, breast temperature and blood glucose concentration. Data collected were analysed using repeated measures ANOVA of SPSS having week as the repeated factor. The time spent by hens sitting on the eggs (88.09 ± 5.38 – 92.91 ± 2.35 %) and on ingestive behaviours (0.06 ± 0.03 – 0.11 ± 0.07 %) were similar at the 1st, 2nd and 3rd week of brooding. The blood glucose concentration was reduced at the 1st and 2nd but increased at the 3rd week while the breast temperature (BT) increased at the 1st and 2nd but dropped at the 3rd week. The rectal temperature and body mass did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) during the three weeks of the brooding process. In conclusion, natural brooding of embryos by hens under tropical conditions was accompanied by changes in body metabolism required for generation of heat which is transferred through the breast region of the hens to the eggs without necessarily resulting in higher rectal temperature of the hens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behaviour, physiology and body mass of Nigerian indigenous hens during brooding

Iyasere

Ajayi

Alade

et al. 2019

Agricultura Tropica Et Subtropica

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“…Karaciğer tarafından yumurta sarısının oluşumu için öncü olan düşük yoğunluklu lipoproteinler (VLDL) salgılanır, oviduktun hacmi artar, tüylerde değişiklikler gözlenir. Folliküller olgunlaşırken, teka hücrelerindeki enzimatik aktivite azalmakta, fakat granuloza hücrelerindeki enzimatik aktivite ve yumurtalama zamanında progesteron sentezi artmaktadır (Clark, 2018). Kanatlılardaki ovulasyon siklusu memeli hayvanlardaki süklusa benzer mekanizmaya sahiptir ve mekanizmalar arası farklar şu şekildedir; pozitif feedback döngüsü ile ilişkili hormon östrojen yerine progesterondur, kanatlılarda dominant follikülün ovulasyonu progesteron ve LH artışından önce olmaktadır, LH olgun ovulatör follükülün granuloza tabakasından daha fazla progesteron salınımını stimüle etmektedir, LH dagalanmasını tetikleyen unsur memelilerdeki östrojenin aksine kanatlılarda progesterondur (Clark, 2018).…”

Section: Dişi Kanatlı Hayvanların Reprodüktif Fizyolojisiunclassified

“…Kanatlı ve memelilerde LH ve östradiol, ovulasyon öncesi artış gösterir. Kanatlılar ile memeliler arasındaki farklardan en büyüğü, memelilerde progesteron sadece ovulasyon sonrası artış gösterirken, kanatlılarda progesteron, ovulasyon öncesi artış göstermektedir ve LH pikinin ovulasyonu tetiklemesiyle alakalıdır (Clark, 2018).…”

Section: Dişi Kanatlı Hayvanların Reprodüktif Fizyolojisiunclassified

“…Bu aralık genellikle 8 ila 10 saat uzunluğunda olmakla birlikte günbatımını (karanlığı) takiben gün doğumundan (aydınlıktan) bir saat sonrasına kadar sürmektedir. Havanın kararması ile birlikte hipotalamus uyarılarak açık periyot zamanı ayarlanmaktadır (Clark, 2018).…”

Section: Dişi Kanatlı Hayvanların Reprodüktif Fizyolojisiunclassified

“…Eğer progesteron sentezi çok yüksek miktarlarda yapılırsa, GnRH ve LH baskılanmaktadır. Evcil tavuklarda, ovulasyon LH pikinden 6-8 saat sonra oluşmakta ve ovulasyondan ortalama 25 saat sonra yumurtlama gerçekleşmektedir (Clark, 2018). Şekil 1.…”

Section: Dişi Kanatlı Hayvanların Reprodüktif Fizyolojisiunclassified

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Reproductive Mechanism and Fertilization in Poultry

Nizam

Selçuk

2019

Tavukçuluk Araştırma Dergisi

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Significant process has been made in mammalian reproductive biotechnology due to the wellknown reproductive physiology of mammalian animals and in particular the availability of cattle sperm for cryopreservation. Reproductive studies in poultry did not provide much diversity in mammalian animals due to the absence of an oestrus cycle of poultry, poultry oocyte significantly larger than mammalian oocytes, polyspermic fertilization in poultry is a physiological condition, female poultry reproductive organ significantly different from the mammalian organ. Poultry reproduction have specific properties such as, fertilization of poultry in the infundibulum region and occur within a maximum of 15 minutes, to maintain vitality up to 70 days in oviduct, production of eggs in about 25 hours, zona pellucida proteins undergoing a change to perivitelline membrane, lack of capacitation in poultry sperm and these properties creates reproductive differences between poultry and mammals. Knowledge of poultry reproduction and the spread of artificial insemination in poultry will make significant contributions to the poultry meat sector for our country.

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Percent positivity and phylogenetic analysis of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae in commercial poultry from the different States of India

et al. 2022

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Background and Aim: The Indian and global poultry industries suffer significant economic losses due to Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) infections, which adversely affect egg production, hatchability, weight gain, and feed efficiency in farms, thus decreasing the overall production efficiency. This study aimed to determine the percent positivity and phylogenetic analysis of MG, MS, and co-infection of both mycoplasmas in commercial poultry farms across different states of India from 2017 to 2021. Materials and Methods: A total of 3620 tracheal or choacal swabs were collected from breeder and layer farms showing clinical signs of avian mycoplasma infections from commercial poultry farms across India, and the percent positivites for MG, MS, and co-infection of both mycoplasmas were determined by Polymerase chain reaction using the 16S rRNA and vlhA genes amplification, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out by sequencing the mgc2 and vlhA genes of 2 samples of MG and 24 samples of M. synoviae to gain insight into the genetic variability of Indian strains. The data were then compared with other Indian strains, vaccines strains, and strains from other countries. Results: Our data shows the percent positivity of MG, MS, and co-infection of both MG and MS was 6.43%, 23.61%, and 15.49%, respectively. The phylogenetic relationship between MG and MS was determined using the vlhA and mgc2 genes, revealing two samples of MG and 24 samples of MS clustered with other Indian strains. M. synoviae MSM22 and previously studied M. synoviae MGS 482 clustered with vaccine strain M. synoviae MS-H. Conclusion: Mycoplasma synoviae infections in breeder, layer, and in both is predominant compared to MG across the states investigated in India. Sequenced samples of MG and MS showed evolutionary relationships with the previously studied Indian strains of MG and MS. These findings support our view that monitoring chickens for avian mycoplasma infections are of paramount significance. It further lends credence to the contention that such information will pave the way for the development of a home-grown vaccination control program and thus safeguard the poultry sector against mycoplasma infections.

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Management of Breeding in Small Poultry Production Units

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Behaviour, physiology and body mass of Nigerian indigenous hens during brooding

Behaviour, physiology and body mass of Nigerian indigenous hens during brooding

Reproductive Mechanism and Fertilization in Poultry

Percent positivity and phylogenetic analysis of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae in commercial poultry from the different States of India

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