Management of geo-distributed intelligence: Deep Insight as a Service (DINSaaS) on Forged Cloud Platforms (FCP)

Kuru, Kaya

doi:10.1016/j.jpdc.2020.11.009

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…The integration of generic services such as eMBB, mMTC, critical Machine-Type Communication (cMTC), and URLLC can improve the performance of 5G-based applications; this service heterogeneity can be achieved by network slicing for an optimised resource allocation and an emerging technology, TI, to achieve low latency, high bandwidth, service availability, and E2E security [52]. This communication infrastructure helps a bidirectional stream of near-real-time information, knowledge and wisdom [53] between the physical and virtual environments of SC blended DTs that is investigated in III-B4 with related metaverse content.…”

Section: B Infrastructure Of Metaomnicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SC DTs are the building blocks of urban metaverse worlds. The recent advances in the cyber-physical domains, cloud and edge platforms along with advanced communication technologies play a crucial role in connecting the globe more than ever, which is creating large volumes of data at astonishing rates and a tsunami of computation within hyperconnectivity [53]. Large volumes of BD being generated exponentially in different formats are in the geo-distributed cloud platforms and likely input for all other smart systems and enterprises as insights, which will contribute to the smooth working of these systems and enterprises substantially [53].…”

Section: ) Sc Digital Twins (Dts) and Metaverse Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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MetaOmniCity: Toward Immersive Urban Metaverse Cyberspaces Using Smart City Digital Twins

Kuru

2023

IEEE Access

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The movie -The Matrix (1999) -boosted our imagination about how further we can be immersed within the cyber world, i.e., how further the cyber world can be indistinguishable from the real world. Nobody, including the creators, had expected that the aspirational fictional virtual worlds such as ''ActiveWorlds (1995)'' and ''Second Life (2003)'' would impact the way of experiencing our real urban environments with many urban experiences embedded into a rich featured 3D environment. Are we going to stay as ourselves while existing in a mirror world? Are the fabricated, created imaginary worlds becoming a part of real worlds or vice versa? The recent once-in-a-lifetime pandemic has confirmed the importance of location and time-independent Digital Twins (DTs) (i.e., virtual scale models) of cities and their automated services which can provide everybody with equity and accessibility. This study analyses how the metaverse (3D elevation of linear Internet), that aims to build high-fidelity virtual worlds with which to interact with, can be engaged within the Smart City (SC) ecosystem with high immersive Quality of Experiences (QoE) leading to increased Quality of Life (QoL). An urban metaverse ecosystem framework -MetaOmniCityis designed to demonstrate a variety of insights and orchestrational directions for policymakers, city planners and all other stakeholders about how to transform data-driven SCs with DTs into virtually inhabitable cities with a network of shared urban experiences from a metaverse point of view. MetaOmniCity, allowing the metaversification of cities with granular virtual societies, i.e., MetaSocieties, and eliminating the boundaries between the real world and their virtual counterparts can be shaped to the particular requirements and features of cities. Urban metaverse shared worlds, an extension of residents and urban society, where the virtual and the physically real blend and are more organically integrated, would impact urban ways of living significantly with many practical implementations. This would open doors for potential businesses with tremendous global economic value by democratising skills/assets within an urban environment, paving the way for immersive globalisation with the bigger and richer metaverse of Country (MoC) and metaverse of World (MoW) being an immersive DT of the broader universe with tangibly connected cities. MetaOmniCity is expected to accelerate the building, deployment, and adoption of immersive urban metaverse networks for citizens to interface with as an extension of real social and individual experiences.INDEX TERMS Metaverse, smart city (SC), digital twins (DTs), avatars, blockchain, augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), web 3.0, web3.

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Section: B Infrastructure Of Metaomnicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ) Sc Digital Twins (Dts) and Metaverse Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

MetaOmniCity: Toward Immersive Urban Metaverse Cyberspaces Using Smart City Digital Twins

Kuru

2023

IEEE Access

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“…Offloading this data over a remote centre (e.g., the cloud or fog platforms) for processing (to be fused for ultra-low latency requirements) can not be tolerated to meet this targeted latency. Thereby, local processing of high voluminous data in FA-SDVs using in-vehicle built-in MEC platform equipped with quantum mechanics allowing intensive computational capabilities paves the way for transforming instant voluminous multi-modal sensor data into fused abstract forms and insights readily (i.e., 0.1 ms) -information, knowledge and wisdom -which decreases overall latency and traffic load over the backhaul (e.g., CN) substantially by avoiding unnecessary data traffic [64].…”

Section: ) Teleoperation Within Hotl-ht-sdvmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Learning is the acquisition of knowledge, skills, or abilities through experience [67]. Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) using passive and active learning in addition to Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs), Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) (e.g., continuous-time RNN), Hidden Markov Models (HMM), and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) has improved significantly in the last decade to make behaviour learning and collaborative learning easier and faster [64]. Interactive/collaboration learning in a virtual environment supported by augmented reality reduces the time, labour, and cost [68].…”

Section: A Multi-agent Learning Within Hotl-ht-sdvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptualisation of Human-on-the-Loop Haptic Teleoperation With Fully Autonomous Self-Driving Vehicles in the Urban Environment

Kuru¹

2021

IEEE Open J. Intell. Transp. Syst.

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The automotive industry aims to deploy commercial level-5 fully autonomous self-driving vehicles (FA-SDVs) in a diverse range of benefit-driven concepts on city roads in the years to come. In all future visions of operating networks of FA-SDVs, humans are expected to intervene with some kind of remote supervisory role. Recent advances in cyber-physical systems (CPS) within the concept of Internet of Everything (IoE) using tactile internet (TI) teleport us to teleoperate remote objects within the cyber-world. Human-on-the-loop (HOTL) haptic teleoperation with an extension of human control and sensing capability by coupling with artificial sensors and actuators with an increased sense of real-time driving in the remote vehicle can help overcome the challenging tasks when the new driver -artificial intelligence (AI) agent -encounters an unorthodox situation that can't be addressed by the autonomous capabilities. This paper analyses HOTL real-time haptic delay-sensitive teleoperation with FA-SDVs, in the aspects of human-vehicle teamwork by establishing two similar remote parallel worlds -real-world vehicle time-varying environment and cyber-world emulation of this environment, i.e., digital twins (DTs) -in which a human telesupervisor (HTS), as a biological agent, can be immersed with no cybersickness enabling omnipresence through a timely bidirectional flow of energy and information. The experiments conducted as a proof of concept of HOTL haptic teleoperation regarding learning with human-vehicle collaboration show promising results and the potential of benefiting from the proposed framework.

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“…Cognitive computing, with a high level of reasoning and swarm-based solutions, in SDVs mimics human cognition to remove the human in the loop by creating a highly trustworthy ecosystem for all stakeholders while evolutionary approaches still have very limited abilities in cognitive learning when compared to a human. It aims to mould various data sources involving onboard sensor data, geo-distributed insights [2], ethics with advanced real-time analytics and actuation mechanisms within rapidly changing, partially observable, multiagent, stochastic, sequential, dynamic, continuous and unknown environments 1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TrustFSDV: Framework for Building and Maintaining Trust in Self-Driving Vehicles

Kuru

2022

IEEE Access

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The deployment of fully self-sufficient, self-driving vehicles (SDVs) to city roads in a diverse range of benefit-driven concepts is on the horizon where the higher levels of automation with automated driving systems (ADSs) are being installed on vehicles. The acceptance of SDVs as safetycritical systems to successfully substitute for human drivers requires a high level of trustworthiness in numerous socio-technical aspects. By the time SDVs are available to the general public with challenges and opportunities, the trustworthiness of SDVs in rapidly changing, partially observable, multiagent, stochastic, sequential, dynamic, continuous and unknown environments shall be ensured from the perspective of the stakeholders. This paper analyses the dynamics of trust in SDVs from the perspectives of all stakeholders to result in how the "trustworthiness" of SDVs can be ensured with mitigated risks and dangers (i.e., non-maleficence) and maximised benefits (i.e., beneficence) as a holistic view of all the dimensions and dynamics of SDVs. Besides, a framework, namely, TrustFSDV, that designates a transitional roadmap with delegated responsibilities and liabilities along with the desired performance indicators, is proposed for the stakeholders to pursue in ensuring a sufficient level of trust within the concepts of human-vehicle integration and society-vehicle harmonisation -inducing the advancement of SDVs and acceptance of them by the society -while the future is being revolutionised by SDVs. To conclude the key findings in this research, i) although instant trust can be gained through hard work, it can be lost readily without forward-thinking during the life-cycle of SDVs, ii) a high level of trustworthiness cannot only be achieved by manufacturers, it requires the strict collaboration of all the stakeholders with distributed responsibilities and liabilities while moulding the requirements of the stakeholders in a system under the supervision of related disciplines, iii) the manufacturers along with the press shall not ignore the real technical limitations of the SDV technology when communicating about benefits to the potential customers, and iv) drastic steps are needed to be taken concerning ethical and legal perspectives, which is perceived as the primary concern beyond technology to build and maintain a high level of trustworthiness.INDEX TERMS Autonomous vehicles, self-driving vehicles, autonomy in vehicles, trust in self-driving, vehicle teleportation.

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Management of geo-distributed intelligence: Deep Insight as a Service (DINSaaS) on Forged Cloud Platforms (FCP)

Cited by 15 publications

References 71 publications

MetaOmniCity: Toward Immersive Urban Metaverse Cyberspaces Using Smart City Digital Twins

MetaOmniCity: Toward Immersive Urban Metaverse Cyberspaces Using Smart City Digital Twins

Conceptualisation of Human-on-the-Loop Haptic Teleoperation With Fully Autonomous Self-Driving Vehicles in the Urban Environment

TrustFSDV: Framework for Building and Maintaining Trust in Self-Driving Vehicles

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