Management of grain discoloration of rice with solvent-free EC formulations of neem and pungam oils

Rajappan, Kim; Ushamalini, C.; Subramanian, Nithya; Narasimhan, V.; Kareem, Abdul

doi:10.1007/bf02983962

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…CA may exert a vital effect on plants through its involvement in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, which produces energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate. Furthermore, CA is known to inhibit mycelial growth of the fungi Helminthosporium oryzae and Pyricularia oryzae, which caused grain discoloration in rice (Oryza sativa), and also that of Sarocladium oryzae, which was involved in the sheath rot disease of rice (Narasimhan et al, 1998;Rajappan et al, 2001). Plants secreted organic acids such as CA, malic acid, and oxalic acid from their roots when subjected to abiotic stresses, particularly during exposure to elevated aluminium concentrations or under phosphorus-deficient conditions (Ma and Furukawa, 2003;Nian et al, 2003).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Citric Acid, Sucrose, and Proton Concentration in Suppressing Defoliation in Hibiscus Plants Grown under Low-illumination Conditions

Zhang

Livingstone

Tarui

et al. 2009

hortte

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Potted young hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis ‘Italian Red’) plants were placed in a postharvest environment under low-illumination conditions in a room from 22 July to 31 Dec. 2003. On treatment with a mineral nutrition (MN) solution, 19% of their leaves remained intact after 8 weeks, but all the leaves were lost after 12 weeks from the time of placement. Incorporation of citric acid (CA) into the MN solution at a final concentration of 5 mm considerably suppressed the defoliation so that 57% of the leaves remained intact after 8 weeks and 53% did so after 12 weeks from the time of placement. Furthermore, treatment with 3% sucrose (SUC) instead of CA also considerably suppressed the defoliation, with 26% of the leaves remaining intact for more than 8 weeks and 20% remaining intact for more than 12 weeks. Neither the CA nor the SUC solution was effective in maintaining the hibiscus plants for more than 20 weeks under low illumination. However, treatment with MN solution containing CA and SUC was highly effective in suppressing defoliation. About 60% of the leaves on the plants that were treated with the solution were retained for the entire 24-week period. The proton concentration of the organic solution was found to be a critical factor that affected plant maintenance. The plants survived only on treatment with a solution of pH 5.0, but not with one with a pH of 6.0 or 7.0.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Citric Acid, Sucrose, and Proton Concentration in Suppressing Defoliation in Hibiscus Plants Grown under Low-illumination Conditions

Zhang

Livingstone

Tarui

et al. 2009

hortte

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“…Rajappan et al [38] developed neem-based EC formulations of NO 60 EC (acetic acid), formulations of neem oil, neem seed kernel extract, pungam oil and pungam cake, which can be used to control Erysiphe polygoni, causing green gram powdery mildew. Rajappan et al [39] reported that neem oil 60 EC (citric acid), neem oil 60 EC (acetic acid) and neem oil + pungam oil 60 EC (citric acid) inhibited the mycelial growth of H. oryzae and P. oryzae. Anusha [40] developed two EC formulations (60 EC) in Lantana camera at 2 and 4% that proved to be ineffective against R. solani, causing a sheath blight disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is in agreement with the findings of Narasimhan et al [37], who reported that there was no significant difference between the efficacy of the freshly prepared and stored EC formulations of neem and pungam oil in arresting the mycelial growth of S. orzae; the efficacy was maintained even after 9 months of storage. Rajappan et al [39] reported that neem oil 60 EC (acetic acid), neem oil 60 EC (citric acid) and neem oil + pungam oil 60 EC (citric acid) completely inhibited the mycelial growth of H. oryzae and P. oryzae, and were effective even after 9 months of storage. Thobunluepop [46] reported that rice seeds treated with clove oil (eugenol) plus chitosanlingosulphonate polymer showed a strong inhibitory effect on seed-borne fungi (Curvularia sp., F. moniliforme, B. oryzae, A. padwickii, A. flavus and A. niger) and retained their antifungal effect even 5 months after storage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing eco-friendly biofungicide for the management of major seed borne diseases of rice and assessing their physical stability and storage life

Naveenkumar

Muthukumar

Ganesan

et al. 2017

Comptes Rendus. Biologies

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Three plant oils (Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon martini, and Pelargonium graveolens) were developed as EC formulations and tested for their physical stabilities. EC formulations (10EC, 20EC and 30EC) of C. citratus, C. martini and P. graveolens had emulsion stability, spontaneity property, heat and cold stability. EC formulated plant oils were screened against the major seed borne fungi of rice such as Curvularia lunata, Fusarium moniliforme, Bipolaris oryzae, and Sarocladium oryzae. The level of inhibition varied among the concentrations of EC formulations. Among the three EC formulations, that of C. citratus oil 30EC recorded 100% inhibition on the mycelial growth of test pathogens. In the blotter paper method, rice seeds treated with a formulation of C. citratus oil 30EC controlled the infection of C. lunata, F. moniliforme, B. oryzae and S. oryzae in rice seed to the tune of 66.0%, 60.4%, 66.0% and 69.1%, respectively. Seed soaking with formulation of C. citratus oil 30EC showed the highest percentage of normal seedlings, the lowest number of abnormal seedling and fresh ungerminated seeds when tested with the roll-towel method. Seed soaking with 30EC formulation of C. citratus oil increased seed germination, shoot length, root length and vigour of rice seedlings when tested with the plastic tray method. Transmission of pathogens from seed to seedling was reduced significantly by the 30EC formulation of C. citratus oil when tested with the plastic pot method. The effect of the storage life of the 30EC formulation of C. citratus oil showed that it had retained their antifungal effect till the end of the incubation period (120 days), and is able to inhibit the mycelial growth of all test pathogens to the 100% level.

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“…The indiscriminate use of various plant protection chemicals has resulted in environmental hazards, hence finding alternative sources is of immense importance and also preferable (Thapa et al, 2019;Ahamad et al, 2020). Many farmers in India and other developing countries use leaf, seed kernel or cake extracts and oils for crop pest control, but the preparation of these materials takes time and moreover, oils cannot be stored for long periods of time due to the risk of rancidity, which reduces their effectiveness (Rajappan et al, 2001).…”

Section: Botanical Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rice Blast, A Major Threat to the Rice Production and its Various Management Techniques

Simkhada

Thapa

2022

Turkish JAF Sci.Tech.

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Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important staple cereal crop which is consumed by more than 50% of world population. It contributes 23% and 50% of total calories consumed by world and Nepalese population respectively. Among various abiotic factors affecting rice, rice blast is the most disastrous, causing 70-80% yield loss. This disease was originated in China around 7000 years ago. In Nepal, it was first reported in Thimi, Bhaktapur in 1966. It is caused by a filamentous ascomycete fungus Magnaporthe oryzae (Anaemorphic form- Pyricularia oryzae). It infects all the developmental stage of plant and produce symptoms on the leaf, collar, neck, panicle and even in the glumes. It decreases the rice production by an amount, enough to feed 60 million people every year. Cloudy weather, high relative humidity (93-99%), low night temperature (15- 20°C), longer duration of dew is the most favorable condition for the outbreak of disease. The most usual approaches for the management of rice blast diseases are management in nutrient fertilizer and irrigation, application of fungicides and plantation of resistant cultivars. Besides, the use of extracts of C. arabica are reported to have an inhibitory effect on the disease. Seed treatment with Trichoderma viridae @ 5ml/lit of water have also been found effective. The chemical means of controlling blast disease shall be reduced, instead eco-friendly measures like biocontrol agents, resistant varieties, plant extracts can be practiced for disease control. Different forecasting model can be used in order to predict the disease prevalence.

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Management of grain discoloration of rice with solvent-free EC formulations of neem and pungam oils

Cited by 8 publications

References 6 publications

Effects of Citric Acid, Sucrose, and Proton Concentration in Suppressing Defoliation in Hibiscus Plants Grown under Low-illumination Conditions

Effects of Citric Acid, Sucrose, and Proton Concentration in Suppressing Defoliation in Hibiscus Plants Grown under Low-illumination Conditions

Developing eco-friendly biofungicide for the management of major seed borne diseases of rice and assessing their physical stability and storage life

Rice Blast, A Major Threat to the Rice Production and its Various Management Techniques

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