Management of water and agroecosystems in landscapes for sustainable food security.

Boelee, Eline; Scherr, Sara J.; Pert, P. L.; Barron, Jennie; Finlayson, Max; Descheemaeker, Katrine; Milder, Jeffrey C.; Fleiner, Renate; Nguyen-Khoa, S.; Barchiesi, Stefano; Bunting, Stuart W.; Tharme, Rebecca E.; Khaka, E.; Coates, David; Solowey, Elaine; Lloyd, Gareth James; Molden, David; Cook, Simón

doi:10.1079/9781780640884.0156

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The consequences of the world's water crisis are borne primarily by the poor and vulnerable and include: inadequate access to safe drinking water that affects at least 2 billion people (WHO et al, 2022); unsafe sanitation that affects more than 4 billion people (UNICEF and WHO, 2020); diminished ecosystem services (Green et al, 2015;Sabater et al, 2018); and food insecurity (Hanjra and Qureshi, 2010;Boelee et al, 2011;Grafton, 2017). It is in this context of a global emergency that alternatives to business as usual are urgently needed in terms of how, what, and when water is used, sourced, supplied, and consumed.…”

Section: The World's Water Crisismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Price and Value of Water: An Economic Review

Grafton¹,

Manero²,

Chu³

et al. 2023

Camb. prisms Water

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This review examines key economic concepts in relation to the price and value of water for the supply and demand of household water. It responds to a series of questions about water and how it is used. These include (1) Why water is (or is not) priced and valued (or not)?; (2) What are the key economic concepts for pricing water?; (3) How is water priced and how are water supply assets valued for full cost recovery?; (4) Who bears the costs and enjoys the benefits of water use?; and (5) When is the price of water expected to change? Examples are provided to demonstrate the universality of the economic concepts while highlighting how their application must be bespoke and account for different socio-economic contexts and bio-physical conditions where water is supplied and demanded. Impact statementWe demonstrate how key economic concepts have the potential, if effectively applied, to be transformational in relation to the who, what, where and when of how water is used globally. This opportunity arises because much of the world suffers from either too much (flooding), too little (hydrological droughts) or too dirty water that shortens and diminishes the quality of life of billions of people and degrades environments. Business as usual for water must change, given the projected increase in the world's population of about 2.5 billion over the coming decades, cascading risks from climate change with its myriad of interactions with water, rising global water use, declining aquifers in large food-producing regions, degrading riparian environment due to overextraction, and water pollution. Appropriately pricing and, separately, valuing water for economic efficiency and for more equitable and just outcomes, along with responses to longstanding water governance failures, offer potentially very large global benefits and would support the delivery of SDG 6, 'water for all'. '…(s)upplies and demands for water are not absolutely determined by natural forces and engineering requirements but rather are to be measured in terms of the economic balance of all needs and resources of the community…Where water is scarce and expensive (in terms of other resources that must be sacrificed to make more water available), it becomes justifiable to construct elaborate facilitiesto minimize intake, to recirculate quantities withdrawn, and to avoid uses that are consumptive'.

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Section: The World's Water Crisismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Price and Value of Water: An Economic Review

Grafton¹,

Manero²,

Chu³

et al. 2023

Camb. prisms Water

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“…Agricultural practices over the past few centuries have caused wide-scale changes in land cover, watercourses, and aquifers, contributing to the loss and degradation of wetlands and undermining the ecological processes that support the provision of a wide range of ecosystem services (MEA 2005, Dixon, Wood et al 2008, Boelee, Scherr et al 2013. Among these are reductions in provisioning ecosystem services such as the supply of fresh water and fisheries, reduced regulating services such as storm protection and nutrient retention, and the loss of cultural services such as spiritual and recreational values.…”

Section: Agriculturementioning

confidence: 99%

Managing threats to freshwater systems within protected areas

Pittock

Baumgartner²,

Finlayson³

et al. 2018

Freshwater Ecosystems in Protected Areas

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Freshwater and estuarine ecosystems are among the most threatened in the world, are underrepresented in protected areas policy and have the highest portion of species threatened with extinction. Freshwater biodiversity is particularly threatened because its conservation depends on: maintaining hydrological processes; retaining longitudinal connectivity of water flows without barriers along rivers; conserving lateral connectivity between a water body and its floodplain; sustaining adequate groundwater-surface water interactions; managing exogenous threats that are propagated across catchments; and integrating governance by multiple management authorities. The impacts of agriculture, aquaculture and fishing need to be managed. Where protected areas are established particular attention should be given to: minimising impacts of water infrastructure, invasive species incursion control; reducing impacts of visitor facilities and activities, and pollution prevention.

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“…The major driver of degradation for the Gulf of Mexico is upstream water management and agricultural practices in the MRB [ 13 ]. As land drainage has increased for agriculture, so has nitrogen (N) application, especially nitrate (NO 3 − ), and subsequent transport of N via the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico causing hypoxia in the nearshore waters off Louisiana [ 14 , 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aboveground Net Primary Productivity in a Riparian Wetland Following Restoration of Hydrology

Koontz

Lundberg

Lane

et al. 2016

Biology

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This research presents the initial results of the effects of hydrological restoration on forested wetlands in the Mississippi alluvial plain near Memphis, Tennessee. Measurements were carried out in a secondary channel, the Loosahatchie Chute, in which rock dikes were constructed in the 1960s to keep most flow in the main navigation channel. In 2008–2009, the dikes were notched to allow more flow into the secondary channel. Study sites were established based on relative distance downstream of the notched dikes. Additionally, a reference site was established north of the Loosahatchie Chute where the dikes remained unnotched. We compared various components of vegetation composition and productivity at sites in the riparian wetlands for two years. Salix nigra had the highest Importance Value at every site. Species with minor Importance Values were Celtis laevigata, Acer rubrum, and Plantanus occidentalis. Productivity increased more following the introduction of river water in affected sites compared to the reference. Aboveground net primary productivity was highest at the reference site (2926 ± 458.1 g·m−2·year−1), the intact site; however, there were greater increase at the sites in the Loosahatchie Chute, where measurements ranged from 1197.7 ± 160.0 g m−2·year−1·to 2874.2 ± 794.0 g·m−2·year−1. The site furthest from the notching was the most affected. Pulsed inputs into these wetlands may enhance forested wetland productivity. Continued monitoring will quantify impacts of restored channel hydrology along the Mississippi River.

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Management of water and agroecosystems in landscapes for sustainable food security.

Cited by 5 publications

References 15 publications

The Price and Value of Water: An Economic Review

The Price and Value of Water: An Economic Review

Managing threats to freshwater systems within protected areas

Aboveground Net Primary Productivity in a Riparian Wetland Following Restoration of Hydrology

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