“…Because there are no methods to determine the minimum areas of reserves with reference only to ecosystem properties (see Soulé & Simberloff 1986, Beier 1993, biologists have been forced to conduct viability analysis for a few "indicator" or "umbrella" species as an effi cient way to address the viability of the whole system (Soulé 1987, Noss 1991. These analyses, however, have focused on large vertebrates, which require large areas (e. g. Picton 1979, Freemark & Merriam 1986, Dodd 1990, Laurance 1990, Beier 1993, Lankester et al 1991, Newmark 1991, Opdam 1991, Herkert 1994, Brooks et al 1999, Chiarello 1999 but little is known about the effects of fragmentation on faunas of invertebrates (see Hopkins & Webb 1984, Klein 1989, Daily & Ehrlich 1995.…”