“…[ 9 , 10 ] However, in general, treating polluted natural water is difficult, costly, and time‐consuming, as natural water bodies are large, dispersed (numerous tributaries), and in dynamic state (due to heavy rain, storm overflows, etc.). [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ] Furthermore, the types and concentration of the contaminants originating from both point and nonpoint sources into these water bodies differ greatly, complicating the situation. Up to date, the research has mainly focused on either the water quality monitoring [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ] or developing materials to purify water, [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ] whereas we argue that either aspect alone is insufficient to treat natural water bodies.…”