In the drinking water treatment processes, the optimization of the treatment is an issue of particular concern. In general, the process consists of many units as settling, coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration and disinfection. The optimization of the process consists of some measures to decrease the managing and monitoring expenses and improve the quality of the produced water. The objective of this study is to provide water treatment operators with methods and practices that enable to attain the most effective use of the facility and in consequence optimize the cubic meter price of the treated water. This paper proposes a review on optimization of drinking water treatment process by analyzing all of the water treatment units and gives some solutions in order to maximize the water treatment performances without compromising the water quality standards. Some practical solutions and methods are performed in the water treatment plant located in the middle of Morocco (Meknes).

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Water management is a key pillar of sustainable development. Indeed, the rational use of water has become a condition for new investments in the water sector as many sectors. Optimizing the production of drinking water is one aspect. This optimization involves not only the choice of water resource use but also the management of by-products of the water treatment process to manage sustainably the exploited water resources. The city of Meknes is watered from two sources and a set of holes (14), the turbidity of water sources can vary depending on rainfall recorded in the region. A water treatment plant (600 l/s) was performed for the purification of water sources. Through this study, we focus on modeling of sludge volume produced by this plant.  The objective is to design a model for calculating the sludge volume from the actual data recorded in the plant. The model ca be used by the operator to predict the sludge volume and can be used also by the designers. The results of this study demonstrated that the volumes calculated from the model constructed considering the data recorded at the station perfectly match the volumes produced with a determination coefficient of 100%. The application of this model can not only provide the operator with an effective tool for managing of the station by-products but also to provide designers with a formula to prevent over/under design of structures. Therefore, these measures help to optimize the cost of production of drinking water and will play an important role in the sustainable development of water resources.

Problem Statement: Surface Water Treatment for potable supplies typically involves coagulation, flocculation, and processes. All water treatment plants produce sludge, during the purification of raw water, according to the level of the water turbidity. The aluminum sulfate is the most common coagulant used in water treatment plants of Morocco, as well as in many countries all over the world. It is difficult to manage sludge produced by the treatment plant. However, several studies, based on a set of jar test experiments, have demonstrated that it can be used in the process to improve the quality of the treated water and reduce the aluminum sulfate dose. Approach: In this study, the raw water treated and sludge produced in water treatment plant of Meknes, Morocco are investigated for chemical and bacteriological proprieties. The texture characterization of the dried sludge produced through the process of coagulation/flocculation and that of aluminum sulfate, used as coagulant aid, are obtained by nitrogen adsorption isotherms. Results: The physical properties of the raw water indicate its high turbidity during periods of heavy rainfall in the Bittit and Ribaa springs catchment area. However, these chemical properties indicate the quality of fresh water rich in magnesium, related to the dolomitic nature of the liastic aquifer. The bacteriological analysis of sludge produced in the treatment plant, confirms the elimination of pathogenic germs by the treatment process used. As regards the texture characterization the results demonstrated that the sludge presents some similarities with the sulfate. However, a clear difference is observed between the two solids, according to the pores distribution. Conclusions/Recommendations: Taking aluminum sulfate and sludge in comparison, it is possible to use the sludge for improving the coagulation process in water treatment.