“…Autograft osteochondral transfer (AOT) mosaicplasty, one of the most extensively applied surgical techniques in clinical practice, involves transplantation of multiple small cylindrical autologous osteochondral units as plugs from less load-bearing sites to the defect sites [ [1] , [2] , [3] ]. The operation offers several advantages over other repair techniques such as primary repair, less incision and injury, lower cost, and quick recovery [ [4] , [5] , [6] , [7] ]. However, integration of gaps between plugs of osteochondral defects remains a challenge.…”