“…The functional quality obtained by consumers from green products is , where ( ) is the parameter indicating the difference in functional quality between the two products (Hong et al, 2018, 2019). Besides, the environmental utility obtained by consumers from green products is assumed to be a linear function (i.e., ), where represents the green degree of the green product and represents the environmental awareness level of consumers for green technologies (Chen, 2001; Hu et al, 2023; Singh et al, 2023; Xu, Zhang, et al, 2023; Zhang et al, 2017). The larger the green degree of products, the higher the environmental utility obtained by consumers.…”