Mandarin Biochar-TETA (MBT) prepared from Citrus reticulata peels for adsorption of Acid Yellow 11 dye from water

Abstract

Dehydration technique with 80% sulfuric acid was used to create a novel biochar from mandarin peel wastes followed by condensate with triethylenetetramine (TETA) to give Mandarin Biochar-TETA (MBT). BJH, BET, FTIR, SEM, DSC, TGA, and EDX studies were used to characterise the MBT. The capacity of the newly developed biochar to remove Acid Yellow 11 (AY11) dye from a water solution was studied. The pH of AY11 dye adsorption was found to be best at pH 1.5. Using 100 ppm AY11 dye as a beginning concentration and 1.75 g L–1 MBT dose, the greatest percent of AY11 dye removal by MBT was 97.83%. The MBT calculated maximum adsorption capacity (Qm) was 384.62 mg g–1. Langmuir (LIM), Freundlich (FIM), Tempkin (TIM), and Dubinin–Radushkevich (DRIM) isotherm models were applied to analyse the experimental data. Furthermore, the results of these isotherm models were investigated by various known error function equations. The MBT experimental data was best suited by the LIM. Pseudo-first-order (PFO), pseudo-second-order (PSO), Elovich kinetic model (EKM), intraparticle diffusion (IPD), and film diffusion (FD) models were used to calculate kinetic data. A PSO rate model with a high correlation (R2 > 0.990) was used to assess the adsorption rate. The main mechanism of the MBT adsorption method of the AY11 dye’s anions adsorption is the electrostatic attractive forces that arise with the increase of positively charged sites in an acidic medium. The obtained data suggest that the prepared MBT adsorbent has the potential to be an effective material to remove the AY11 dye from water and that it may be used repeatedly without losing its adsorption efficiency.

Isotherm and kinetic studies of acid yellow 11 dye adsorption from wastewater using Pisum Sativum peels microporous activated carbon

“…On the other hand, the removal percentage remains low when removing AY11 dye from PPAC adsorbent with a high initial concentration because of the empty active sites are unable to adsorb fresh dyes once they have been occupied by a certain amount of AY11 dye. Eleryan et al 6 and El Nemr et al 70 showed similar results in the Acid Yellow 11 dye removal studies.…”

“…There are numerous methods of dye-house effluent treatment like coagulation/flocculation 25 , oxidation with chemical 26 , biological treatment 27 , advanced oxidations [28][29][30][31] , electrochemical treatment 32 , photo-degradation [33][34][35][36] and adsorption treatment 6,8,20,37,38 . One of these methods with the highest preference is the adsorption method for dye removal using activated carbon 39 .…”

Orange peels magnetic activate carbon (MG-OPAC) composite formation for toxic chromium absorption from wastewater

“…It is clear from Table 2 that the (1/ n ) values were less than 1, demonstrating that the surface nature of the MG-OPAC is heterogeneous and beneficial for the absorption process. The ' n ' value is > 1, indicating that the physical mechanism of Cr 6+ ions adsorption onto MG-OPAC is favourable 74 , 75 .…”

Biochar‐C‐TETA as a superior adsorbent to acid yellow 17 dye from water: isothermal and kinetic studies

“…Additionally, rocks can strongly absorb various pollutants from contamination 27,28 . In order to keep dyeing in industrial applications, more affordable materials for color (dye) removal must be found 11,29 . Acid Yellow 17 (AY17) dye is one of the most widely applied dyes in the paper, food, and textile industries 2 .…”

“…Brazil, China, Turkey, Egypt, Spain, Japan, Italy and South Korea are the nations with the highest output rates. Mandarin peels, which make up between 8% and 14% of the weight of the fruit used to make fruit juice, are released into the environment 29 . Most uses of mandarin peels are in the fertilizer, fuel and animal feed industries, as well as in the powder and paint business 4,30 .…”