1995
DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(95)92164-8
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Manganese and chronic hepatic encephalopathy

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Cited by 414 publications
(283 citation statements)
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“…Such images could theoretically be caused by lipid deposition, calcification, melanin, methemoglobin or manganese. Recent autopsy studies in cirrhotic patients demonstrated an increased manganese content in the brain and more specifically in the pallidum (Figure 2; Krieger et al, 1995;Maeda et al, 1997;Pomier-Layrargues et al, 1995); in these patients, other causes for MRI pallidal hyperintensities had been ruled out. Layrargues, G.P.…”
Section: Evidence For Brain Manganese Overload In Chronic Liver Diseasesmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…Such images could theoretically be caused by lipid deposition, calcification, melanin, methemoglobin or manganese. Recent autopsy studies in cirrhotic patients demonstrated an increased manganese content in the brain and more specifically in the pallidum (Figure 2; Krieger et al, 1995;Maeda et al, 1997;Pomier-Layrargues et al, 1995); in these patients, other causes for MRI pallidal hyperintensities had been ruled out. Layrargues, G.P.…”
Section: Evidence For Brain Manganese Overload In Chronic Liver Diseasesmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…61 Manganese Total body manganese stores are increased in patients with liver disease, 62,63 which may lead to selective manganese accumulation in several areas of the brain. [64][65][66] Manganese deposition in basal ganglia structures of the brain has been proposed as the cause of T1-weighted magnetic resonance signal hyperintensities 65 and cirrhosisrelated Parkinsonism. 67 Recent reports describe dysfunction of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neuronal pathway related to manganese toxicity in patients with end-stage liver disease.…”
Section: Seleniummentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Wegen der hohen Rezidvrate (70% innerhalb eines Jahres) wird eine Antibiotikaprophylaxe (Gyrasehemmer) empfohlen (8 Im Vergleich zu den psychometrischen Tests spielen im klinischen Alltag radiologische Verfahren, wie die Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT), bei der im T1-gewichteten Bild symmetrische bilaterale Signalanhebungen im Bereich der Basalganglien nachweisbar sind, eine untergeordnete Rolle. Die 1H-MR-Spektroskopie (1H-MRS), mit der vor allem für wissenschaftliche Zwecke eine Quantifizierung des intrazerebralen Glutamingehalts möglich ist, erlaubt neben der Sicherung der Diagnose ähn-lich wie das EEG eine Abschätzung des Schweregrades (16,17). Bei der Behandlung müssen zuerst mögliche Auslöser, wie eine gastrointestinale Blutung, eine spontan bakterielle Peritonitis oder eine Überdosierung von Benzodiazepinen bzw.…”
Section: Spontan Bakterielle Peritonitis (Sbp)unclassified