This chapter summarizes the current studies on the genotoxic potential of manganese (Mn) and is thereby points out that the knowledge gained up to now is quite equivocal. Besides reviewing the current literature on Mn-induced DNA damage on a chromosomal as well as a DNA level, possible underlying mechanisms, including disturbances of DNA replication/DNA polymerases as well as DNA damage response pathways, are discussed. Finally, this chapter gives a brief overview of the possible consequences of DNA damage induced by manganese.