Manganese‐induced parkinsonism in methcathinone abusers: bio‐markers of exposure and follow‐up

Sikk, Katrin; Haldre, Sulev; Aquilonius, Sten–Magnus; Asser, Andres; Paris, M.; Roose, Anna; Petterson, Jean; Eriksson, Staffan; Bergquist, Jonas; Taba, Pille

doi:10.1111/ene.12088

Cited by 49 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The parkinsonian-like extrapyramidal syndrome of manganism is irreversible and unresponsive to treatment with levodopa (e.g. Sikk, Haldre, Aquilonius, Asser, Paris, Roose, et al, 2013). …”

Section: Synthetic Cathinones: Human Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bath Salts, Mephedrone, and Methylenedioxypyrovalerone as Emerging Illicit Drugs That Will Need Targeted Therapeutic Intervention

Glennon

2014

Advances in Pharmacology

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The term “synthetic cathinones” is fairly new; but, although the abuse of synthetic cathinones is a recent problem, research on cathinone analogs dates back >100 years. One structural element cathinone analogs have in common is an α-aminophenone moiety. Introduction of amine and/or aryl substituents affords a large number of agents. Today, >40 synthetic cathinones have been identified on the clandestine market and many have multiple “street names”. Many cathinone analogs, although not referred to as such until the late 1970s, were initially prepared as intermediates in the synthesis of ephedrine analogs. The cathinones do not represent a pharmacologically or mechanistically homogeneous class of agents. Currently abused synthetic cathinones are derived from earlier agents and seem to produce their actions primarily via the dopamine, norepinephrine, and/or serotonin transporter; that is, they either release and/or inhibit the reuptake of one or more of these neurotransmitters. The actions of these agents can resemble those of central stimulants such as methamphetamine, cocaine, and/or empathogens such as 1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-aminopropane (MDMA; Ecstasy) and/or produce other effects. Side effects are primarily of a neurological and/or cardiovascular nature. The use of the “and/or” term is emphasized because synthetic cathinones represent a broad class of agents that produce a variety of actions; the agents cannot be viewed as being pharmacologically equivalent. Until valid structure-activity relationships are formulated for each behavioral/mechanistic action, individual synthetic cathinones remain to be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. Treatment of synthetic cathinone intoxication requires more “basic science” research. At this time, treatment is mostly palliative.

show abstract

“…The parkinsonian-like extrapyramidal syndrome of manganism is irreversible and unresponsive to treatment with levodopa (e.g. Sikk, Haldre, Aquilonius, Asser, Paris, Roose, et al, 2013). …”

Section: Synthetic Cathinones: Human Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bath Salts, Mephedrone, and Methylenedioxypyrovalerone as Emerging Illicit Drugs That Will Need Targeted Therapeutic Intervention

Glennon

2014

Advances in Pharmacology

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…One neurologist performed both the Hoehn and Yahr and the SE-ADL evaluations. 35 The neurologists were blind regarding the results obtained by one another in the OCT, PEV, and PERG, and were previously trained on how to apply the scales.…”

Section: Main Outcome Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrophysiology and Optical Coherence Tomography to Evaluate Parkinson Disease Severity

García‐Martín

Rodríguez-Mena²,

Satué

et al. 2014

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

105

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Combined studies provide evidence that Mn-induced Parkinsonism may be the result of the inability of dopamine neuron terminals to release dopamine rather than a decrease of dopamine synthesis in intact terminals and/or the loss of dopamine as a result of terminal degeneration [40][41][42]. The ultrastructural findings relate to swollen axonal synaptic bouton with vacuolated and swollen mitochondria and high dispersion of synaptic vesicles observed in Mn-treated mice in this study could be involved in those altered functions, and could provide an explanation to the evidence that Mn-induced Parkinsonism is not responsive to L-dopa therapy [42][43][44][45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Ultrastructural Changes of Caudate Nucleus in Mice Chronically Treated with Manganese

Villalobos

Hernández-Fonseca

Bonilla

et al. 2015

Ultrastructural Pathology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Manganese (Mn) is able to cross the blood-brain barrier and induces functional and structural alterations during the intoxication by this metal. Therefore, the effects of chronic administration of Mn in the caudate nucleus of mice were evaluated by electron microscopy. Male albino mice were injected intraperitoneally with MnCl2 (5 mg/kg/d) 5 d per week during 9 weeks. The control group received only 0.9% of NaCl solution. The caudate nuclei were extracted and subsequently processed to be observed on a conventional transmission electron microscope at 2, 4, 6, and 9 weeks after treatment. A high percentage of vacuolated and swollen mitochondria were found throughout all the analyzed periods. Myelin disarrangement and ultrastructural alterations related to edema were observed increased in Mn-treated mice at week 9. Granular degeneration of myelin at week 9 accompanied with deposition of electron dense granules in the neuropil was also observed. Edema in neuropil and glial cells was detected from week 2 to week 9 accompanied by swollen mitochondria. Neuronal bodies, synaptic terminals, and perivascular cells were found swollen. Decreased electron density in postsynaptic areas and decreased and dispersed synaptic vesicles in presynaptic areas were noted in Mn-treated animals. Some neurons from Mn-treated mice showed cisternae dilation of the Golgi apparatus. These results suggest that Mn-treatment produces structural alterations in the caudate nucleus that could be responsible for some of the neurotoxic effects of this metal.

show abstract

Manganese‐induced parkinsonism in methcathinone abusers: bio‐markers of exposure and follow‐up

Abstract: Methcathinone abusers develop a distinctive hypokinetic syndrome. Though the biomarkers of Mn exposure are characteristic only of recent abuse, the syndrome is not reversible.

Cited by 49 publications

References 24 publications

Bath Salts, Mephedrone, and Methylenedioxypyrovalerone as Emerging Illicit Drugs That Will Need Targeted Therapeutic Intervention

Bath Salts, Mephedrone, and Methylenedioxypyrovalerone as Emerging Illicit Drugs That Will Need Targeted Therapeutic Intervention

Electrophysiology and Optical Coherence Tomography to Evaluate Parkinson Disease Severity

Ultrastructural Changes of Caudate Nucleus in Mice Chronically Treated with Manganese

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About