Manganese Oxide/Carbon Yolk–Shell Nanorod Anodes for High Capacity Lithium Batteries

Cai, Zhengyang; Xu, Lin; Yan, Mengyu; Han, Chunhua; He, Liang; Hercule, Kalele Mulonda; Niu, Chaojiang; Yuan, Zefan; Xu, Wangwang; Qu, Longbing; Zhao, Kangning; Mai, Liqiang

doi:10.1021/nl504427d

Cited by 354 publications

(185 citation statements)

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“…For this comparison, we selected the very best reports in the literature. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]22 Considering the ultrafine diameter of MnO and the flexible nature of amorphous carbon with its protective effect as a matrix, this indicates that such an outstanding nanostructure can indeed relieve the strain and stress caused by volume variation in MnO nanowires. Moreover, we also synthesized the MnO@C nanocomposite containing 6% amorphous carbon by reducing the amount of phthalocyanine from 1 mmol to 0.75 mmol, as shown in Supplementary Figure S9a with the nanowires MnO@C composite containing 25.1% carbon, the decrease of capacity of the MnO@C nanocomposite containing 6% amorphous carbon, especially for the rate capacity, is mainly related to the increase of irregular MnO particle size.…”

Section: Electrochemical Properties Of Mno@c Nanowirementioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4] MnO is among the well-known technologically important materials used in diverse application areas, including in electronics, 5 sensors, 6 magnetic storage media, 7 optical 8 and catalysis, 9 especially lithium-ion batteries. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] Several techniques for the synthesis of MnO 1D structures have been made available. Guo and co-workers 11 designed an MnO/carbon nanopeapod nanostructure with an internal void space by annealing the MnO precursor/polydopamine core/shell nanostructure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tuning ultrafine manganese oxide nanowire synthesis seeded by Si particles and its superior Li storage behaviors

Wei

et al. 2016

NPG Asia Mater

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The nanostructure and the dimension of materials greatly affect their performance and function. It is important to develop synthesis strategies that enable the control of the materials' morphology and structure and further reduce their size. In the present work, we report a novel synthesis approach that utilizes Si nanoparticles for synthesizing ultrafine MnO nanowires. The resulting nanostructure comprises MnO nanowires with a diameter of~5-10 nm embedded in an amorphous carbon matrix. X-ray diffraction patterns and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images clearly reveal the growth mechanism of nanowires. As an anode material for the lithium-ion battery, the nanostructure exhibits excellent charge transfer kinetics and extremely high electrochemical performance, including reversible specific capacities of 285.9 mA h g − 1 at 30 A g − 1 and 757.4 mA h g − 1 at 1 A g − 1 after 1000 cycles. X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) confirms that the enhanced performance is related to the increase of the ordering of the O 2 − ions in the MnO structure during the charge/discharge processes. This novel synthesis strategy may inspire studies of other transition-metal-oxide nanomaterials with special orientation to tune their physical chemistry properties.

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Section: Electrochemical Properties Of Mno@c Nanowirementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuning ultrafine manganese oxide nanowire synthesis seeded by Si particles and its superior Li storage behaviors

Wei

et al. 2016

NPG Asia Mater

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“…Moreover, the presence of an impurity (mainly FeSi 2 ), which has a low conductivity (38) and a comparatively bigger size, leads to poor performance, and just 20% capacity was retained after 200 cycles. Carbon coating is used to further improve battery performance, because it can buffer the expansion of the particles during cycling and improve conductivity (37,39). A TEM image (SI Appendix, Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanopurification of silicon from 84% to 99.999% purity with a simple and scalable process

Zong

Zhu

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Silicon, with its great abundance and mature infrastructure, is a foundational material for a range of applications, such as electronics, sensors, solar cells, batteries, and thermoelectrics. These applications rely on the purification of Si to different levels. Recently, it has been shown that nanosized silicon can offer additional advantages, such as enhanced mechanical properties, significant absorption enhancement, and reduced thermal conductivity. However, current processes to produce and purify Si are complex, expensive, and energy-intensive. Here, we show a nanopurification process, which involves only simple and scalable ball milling and acid etching, to increase Si purity drastically [up to 99.999% (wt %)] directly from low-grade and low-cost ferrosilicon [84% (wt %) Si; ∼$1/kg]. It is found that the impurity-rich regions are mechanically weak as breaking points during ball milling and thus, exposed on the surface, and they can be conveniently and effectively removed by chemical etching. We discovered that the purity goes up with the size of Si particles going down, resulting in high purity at the sub-100-nm scale. The produced Si nanoparticles with high purity and small size exhibit high performance as Li ion battery anodes, with high reversible capacity (1,755 mAh g −1 ) and long cycle life (73% capacity retention over 500 cycles). This nanopurification process provides a complimentary route to produce Si, with finely controlled size and purity, in a diverse set of applications.Si | purification | nanoparticles | low grade | Li ion battery E lemental Si has a large impact on the development of modern society, with different purities and sizes widely used for different applications (1-6). Achieving precise purity control is a crucial step in the development of semiconductor devices, because impurities alter the basic properties (mechanical, optical, electrical, and thermal) of semiconductors substantially. For example, it is well-known that silicon wafers need to be refined to a purity of 99.9999999% (wt %) (nine nines) for integrated circuits. In the case of photovoltaics, it is regarded that the purity of Si needs to be above 99.9999% (wt %) (six nines) to enable long carrier diffusion length (2, 7). Also, it has also been shown that Si nanowires and nanoparticles can provide several advantages, such as absorption enhancement, efficient carrier extraction, and reduced requirements for material quality (8-12). Si is also one of the most important materials for thermoelectrics, where both nanosize and heavy doping are necessary to effectively scatter phonons and tune the electronic properties, respectively (13-16). With rapid development in the past decade, Si has become one of the most promising candidates for lithium ion battery anode (17-26), where Si nanoparticles with purity above 99% (wt %) and sizes below 150 nm have shown very high capacity without mechanical fracture during electrochemical cycling (27)(28)(29).Although Si, widely distributed in dusts, sands, and planets as various forms of sil...

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“…Coating protective layers (such as carbon or conductive polymer) on the surface of nanoarrays with tight adhesion represents a useful strategy to improve the cycling stability. Alternatively, the introduction of a protective layer of another mtetal oxide into nanoarrays to form “yolk–shell” nanoarrays is an effective way to achieve better cycling stability 168, 192. Furthermore, there is an underlying safety problem associated with the high surface area of metal oxide nanoarray electrodes because the side reaction of the electrodes could be accelerated, resulting in the formation of an unstable SEI layer for metal oxides with large volume changes.…”

Section: Conclusion and Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in Self‐Supported Metal Oxide Nanoarray Electrodes for Advanced Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Zhang

2016

Advanced Science

113

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The rational design and fabrication of electrode materials with desirable architectures and optimized properties has been demonstrated to be an effective approach towards high‐performance lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Although nanostructured metal oxide electrodes with high specific capacity have been regarded as the most promising alternatives for replacing commercial electrodes in LIBs, their further developments are still faced with several challenges such as poor cycling stability and unsatisfying rate performance. As a new class of binder‐free electrodes for LIBs, self‐supported metal oxide nanoarray electrodes have many advantageous features in terms of high specific surface area, fast electron transport, improved charge transfer efficiency, and free space for alleviating volume expansion and preventing severe aggregation, holding great potential to solve the mentioned problems. This review highlights the recent progress in the utilization of self‐supported metal oxide nanoarrays grown on 2D planar and 3D porous substrates, such as 1D and 2D nanostructure arrays, hierarchical nanostructure arrays, and heterostructured nanoarrays, as anodes and cathodes for advanced LIBs. Furthermore, the potential applications of these binder‐free nanoarray electrodes for practical LIBs in full‐cell configuration are outlined. Finally, the future prospects of these self‐supported nanoarray electrodes are discussed.

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Manganese Oxide/Carbon Yolk–Shell Nanorod Anodes for High Capacity Lithium Batteries

Cited by 354 publications

References 51 publications

Tuning ultrafine manganese oxide nanowire synthesis seeded by Si particles and its superior Li storage behaviors

Tuning ultrafine manganese oxide nanowire synthesis seeded by Si particles and its superior Li storage behaviors

Nanopurification of silicon from 84% to 99.999% purity with a simple and scalable process

Recent Progress in Self‐Supported Metal Oxide Nanoarray Electrodes for Advanced Lithium‐Ion Batteries

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